Volume 104, Issue 7, July 2019

Despite the importance of an early diagnosis for the cure of thyroid cancer, diagnosis of MEN 2B is still difficult in nonreferral centers, thus threatening the definitive cure of patients.

A woman with PCOS and hyperinsulinemia on a GnRH analogue demonstrated ovarian growth and folliculogenesis with confirmed granulosa cell proliferation by Ki-67. Insulin may be a granulosa cell mitogen.

A novel synonymous HESX1 mutation affecting RNA splicing in a patient with combined pituitary hormone deficiency alerts to the need to carefully investigate all apparently silent genetic variants.

Independently of disease control, pegvisomant used in monotherapy or combined with SSAs seems to improve glucose metabolism, reducing FPG, HbA_1c, FPI, and HOMA-I.

Recent studies have suggested that bile acids and GLP-2 terminate cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder contraction, and GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment decelerates gallbladder refilling.

We present a concise review of the clinical and pathological aspects of silent pituitary adenomas in view of the new World Health Organization classification of pituitary adenomas.

AAS use suppresses gonadal function. Many AAS users return to normal gonadal function after discontinuation of AAS, but some might benefit from medical therapy.

We hypothesized that the acromegalic levels of GH and IGF-I seen in normal puberty are needed, not only for optimal final height, but also primarily to secure genital growth.

This review summarizes the epidemiological and basic evidence linking toxic metal accumulation and diabetes-related cardiovascular disease, supported by the salutary effects of chelation in TACT.

The AE-PCOS Society appointed an expert task force to determine the current state of knowledge and provide evidence-based recommendations regarding female pattern hair loss.

Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was assessed in skeletal muscle from statin-treated patients and complex II–linked respiration was reduced compared with that in well-matched control subjects.

The current study supports the existence of a GLP-1–mediated gut-renal axis for urinary sodium excretion in healthy participants as a mechanism contributing to extracellular volume regulation.

Dopamine agonist-induced impulse control disorder (ICD) in prolactinomas was assessed. Prevalence of ICD was 17%. ICD was more common in male patients with a history of smoking, alcohol use, or gambling.

We provide a correlation between ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) mutations and the expression of key proteins in corticotroph tumors, suggesting these proteins to be USP8 substrates and potential treatment targets against Cushing disease.

Obesity inhibits FSH receptor (FSHR) expression and estradiol production. Obese human chorionic gonadotropins and insulin resistance-modeled cells and compound 21 as an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β could increase FSHR protein by the upregulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity.

We demonstrate, for the first time, that dilution analysis of TSH receptor antibody levels markedly differentiates Graves thyroidal disease only vs Graves thyroidal and orbital disease.

Obstructive sleep apnea, patterns of glycemia, and insulin action were measured in pregnant women with obesity. Obstructive sleep apnea was associated with 24-hour glycemia and insulin resistance.

This study shows that acipimox treatment increases GLP-1 concentrations in healthy overweight and hypopituitary otherwise healthy subjects. GLP-1 and FFA levels correlated inversely.

Among euthyroid women, higher BMI is associated with higher T3 via peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 (deiodinase). T3 raises average glucose levels and probably contributes to GDM.

A randomized study to explore the relationship between early changes in whole-body and adipose tissue metabolism showed no change in adipose insulin sensitivity despite reduction in adipocyte size.

This study of 100 pre- and 100 postmenopausal women shows that unlike other androgens, the adrenal 11-oxygenated C19 steroids do not decline with aging.

Tie2-expressing monocytes and Ang-1 are novel biomarkers linking chronic inflammation to vascular repair impairment in diabetes; their expression can be modulated by PDE5i.

The initial experience with endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for functional and nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors was found to be a safe and feasible therapeutic modality in a selected cohort of patients with small tumors.

REE was measured in adolescents who had undergone bariatric surgery. The REE was 25% lower at 12M after surgery, and a negative metabolic adaptation had occurred.

FH criteria were applied for identification of familial premature myocardial infarction in individuals from the general population and identified a maximum of 13% of cases, leaving 87% undetected.

We demonstrate that the first-line diabetes therapy metformin triggers the secretion of the anorectic gut hormone peptide YY from human ex vivo ileum and colon and the mechanism underlying this.

In patients with type 1 diabetes, peripheral arterial stiffness defined by the ABI is associated with cardiovascular neuropathy independent of the presence of peripheral arterial disease.

Acute alteration in bile flow in nondiabetic humans is associated with hyperglycemia, impaired insulin secretion capacity, increased glucagon and GLP-1 secretion, and a reduction in GIP secretion.

Girls presenting with CPP underwent GnRH and ACTH tests. NCCAH was found in 4.8% of girls with CPP. No single parameter could differentiate between NCCAH and idiopathic CPP.

Cardiovascular disease -associated risk factors were investigated in women, in relation to climacterium status at the age of 46, finding mainly adverse changes in climacteric women.

We report that telomere length contributes to predisposition to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). There is a reverse U-shaped association between telomere length and PTC risk.

In a randomized, controlled weight-loss intervention trial, the change in serum IGF1—but not IGFBP1, SHBG, FGF21, fetuin A, and fetuin B—was mediated by the change in intrahepatic triglyceride content.

DBP tended to increase in transwomen, but not in transmen. Total, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D did not change. Total 25(OH)D was well correlated with bioavailable and free 25(OH)D.

Most infants and young children with hypophosphatasia, treated with asfotase alfa, showed improved skeletal manifestations, respiratory function, and growth within 1 year, maintained up to 6 years.

rhPTH(1-84) improves QOL in hypoparathyroid patients especially in those with reduced baseline scores, shorter duration of disease, and in those whose conventional therapy requirements decreased.

Obese children show alterations of thyroid structure and function that ameliorate or even normalize after significant weight loss. This underlies its functional nature.

In response to a mixed meal, subjects with isolated GH deficiency have blunted ghrelin suppression and secrete more GLP-1.

We measured cardiometabolic markers in offspring of mothers with GDM, prepregnancy overweight, and controls. GDM was, unlike maternal overweight, linked with unhealthier cardiometabolic profiles.

We analyzed the timing of sleep loss on glucose homeostasis. Sleep loss per se impairs glucose homeostasis, whereas early-morning sleep loss further compromises α-cell and HPA axis activity.

In a population-based cohort of 1127 women, depression scores were higher across the lifespan in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) however declined with aging in a trajectory similar to that in women without PCOS.

We assessed the association between the timing of induction of puberty or type of estrogen replacement therapy preparations on health outcomes in adults with Turner syndrome.

This study revealed the first POLR3H mutation in two unrelated families with POI. The animal model showed delayed pubertal development and decreased fertility.

This study examined the effect of mild physiologic hyperglycemia (40 mg/dL) for 48 hours in healthy glucose-tolerant participants with and without FH of type 2 diabetes.

Functional characterization of genetic variation in AMH and its cognate receptor, AMHR2, in women with PCOS provides strong evidence for the role of impaired AMH signaling in the pathology of PCOS.

Outdoor temperature and sunlight were studied in relationship to cardiometabolic traits, and it was found that specifically outdoor sunlight showed beneficial associations with insulin resistance.

A total of 1418 subjects underwent an OGTT to evaluate glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and sensitivity. We found different age-related metabolic phenotypes among subjects with IFG or IGT.

Homozygous truncating RAX mutations in a child, not only cause anophthalmia, but also hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and cleft lip and palate, similar to the Rax knock-out mouse endocrine phenotype.

This large, population-based study analyzed 5,669,488 adults >60 years old and found that the metabolically healthy obese phenotype in late life is associated with lower risk of overall dementia.

In overweight men, infusion of GIP and GLP-1 decreased bone resorption, and coinfusion of the two incretins had partially additive effects on bone resorption.

This study identifies pathogenic variants in the MC4R gene in children with severe early-onset obesity from African American race and Latino ancestry.

Genetic testing is rapidly becoming a primary means of diagnosis for patients with short stature.

Sex steroid levels were followed longitudinally in a group of peripubertal girls. Age and puberty made unique contributions to estrogen levels.

Aromatase inhibition significantly reduced GH secretion and circulating estradiol in men but not postmenopausal women, indicating that estrogen is unlikely to mediate GH secretion in menopause.

Unilateral adrenalectomy in primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia leads to a lower rate of adrenal insufficiency but also to less sufficient biochemical control of hypercortisolism.

The Center of Comprehensive Care for the Patient with Diabetes achieves metabolic control in short and intermediate terms. Results show no difference at 1 year in a cohort of patients with obesity.

Nine days of isocaloric fructose restriction in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome reduced d-lactate levels, de novo lipogenesis, and liver fat content while improving insulin sensitivity.

An estimate of biological age determined from peripheral blood DNA from ∼1000 adolescents may refine prediction of cardiovascular risk above and beyond traditional risk factors.

Enhanced hippocampal functional connectivity occurring prior to structural changes was found in young adults with T2DM, suggesting an adaptive brain compensation to counteract cognitive decrements.

Postmenopausal obesity status may influence the association between age at natural menopause and the development of T2DM.