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The Microbiota and Evolution of Obesity
Mario J A Saad and Andrey Santos
Obesity is a major global concern and is generally attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary origins of obesity epidemic, including thrifty and drifty genotypes, and changes in thermogenesis. Here, we put forward the hypothesis of ...
The Biology and Clinical Implications of PCSK7
Vatsal Sachan and others
Discovered in 1996, PCSK7 is the seventh of the 9-membered proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin (PCSK) family. This article reviews the various aspects of the multifaceted biology of PCSK7 and what makes it an exciting new target for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting ∼30% of the ...
Growth Hormone Action as a Target in Cancer: Significance, Mechanisms, and Possible Therapies
Reetobrata Basu and others
Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary-derived endocrine hormone required for normal postnatal growth and development. Hypo- or hypersecretion of endocrine GH results in 2 pathologic conditions, namely GH deficiency (GHD) and acromegaly. Additionally, GH is also produced in nonpituitary and tumoral tissues, where it acts ...
In Memoriam: Maria Iandolo New, 1928-2024
Phyllis W Speiser and others
Maria I. New, MD, past president of the Endocrine Society, was a pioneering figure in pediatric endocrinology and disorders of the adrenal cortex. Born and raised in New York City, she overcame family, economic, and academic challenges to pursue her goal of becoming the first physician in her family. As an undergraduate ...
Exogenous Opioids and the Human Endocrine System: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Niki Karavitaki and others
The use and misuse of opioids are a growing global problem. Although the effects of these drugs on the human endocrine system have been studied for decades, attention on their related clinical consequences, particularly on the hypothalamic-pituitary system and bone health, has intensified over recent years. This Statement ...
The IGF System and Aging
Cheryl A Conover and Claus Oxvig
There is strong evidence that IGF signaling is involved in fundamental aspects of the aging process. However, the extracellular part of the IGF system is complex with various receptors, ligand effectors, high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, proteinases, and endogenous inhibitors that all, along with their biological ...
Papillary Craniopharyngioma: An Integrative and Comprehensive Review
Ruth Prieto and others
Papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) is a rare type of tumor, comprising ∼20% of all craniopharyngioma (CP) cases. It is now recognized as a separate pathological entity from the adamantinomatous type. PCPs are benign tumors, classified as World Health Organization grade 1, characterized by nonkeratinizing squamous ...
Cardiometabolic Aspects of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Robert Krysiak and others
Treatment of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is directed at replacing deficient hormones and reducing androgen excess. However, even in the era of early diagnosis and lifelong hormonal substitution, the presence of CAH is still associated with numerous complications and also with increased mortality. The aim ...
Postbiotic Impact on Host Metabolism and Immunity Provides Therapeutic Potential in Metabolic Disease
Han Fang and others
The gut microbiota influences aspects of metabolic disease, including tissue inflammation, adiposity, blood glucose, insulin, and endocrine control of metabolism. Prebiotics or probiotics are often sought to combat metabolic disease. However, prebiotics lack specificity and can have deleterious bacterial community effects. ...
The Cortisol Awakening Response: Regulation and Functional Significance
Tobias Stalder and others
In healthy individuals, the majority of cortisol secretion occurs within several hours surrounding morning awakening. A highly studied component of this secretory period is the cortisol awakening response (CAR), the rapid increase in cortisol levels across the first 30 to 45 minutes after morning awakening. This strong ...
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