Volume 104, Issue 6, June 2019

Our findings suggest that everolimus may be a novel therapeutic option for selected patients with aggressive PRL-secreting tumors unresponsive to conventional treatments.

We have described the use of SRL therapy for NCs. Our findings further support a rationale for the use of cold SRLs and/or SRL-directed peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for these neuroendocrine tumors.

Genetics and epigenetics of infertility etiologies and epigenetics of fertility treatment affect implantation and placentation, which affect short- and long-term maternal and fetal/childhood outcomes.

Based on our experiences with the Pasireotide LAR and Pegvisomant Study in Acromegaly and on the currently available literature, we provide recommendations to define the position of pasireotide long-acting release in the treatment of acromegaly.

The present review has summarized key studies assessing the epidemiology, mechanisms, and consequences of cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.

Our study shows that pegvisomant may be a moonlighting antagonist.

We investigated rates of discordance between imaging and adrenal vein sampling in the work-up of primary aldosteronism. Discordance was common irrespective of interpretation criteria.

We define the amino acids of high-risk HLA DQB1 alleles in position 57 in cohorts of isolated and polyglandular autoimmune disorders revealing gender-dependent increased susceptibility.

In individuals with high plasma concentration of the vasopressin marker copeptin, increased water intake of 1.5 L daily during 6 weeks significantly reduced copeptin and fasting glucose.

In this prospective observational study, favorable lipid changes were found in transwomen and unfavorable lipid changes found in transmen after 12 months of gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Activating glial cells missing 2 sequence variants are observed to be low-penetrance susceptibility alleles, conferring an increased but still low overall risk of development of typical sporadic parathyroid adenomas.

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition attenuates some of the favorable physiological adaptations to 12 weeks of endurance exercise training in previously sedentary overweight and obese adults.

Gastric emptying (GE) and symptoms during a GE study explain daily symptoms in diabetic gastroenteropathy. A glucagon-like peptide 1 antagonist did not reduce symptoms during an intestinal lipid infusion.

We studied the association of proximal HbA_1C level with first hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization in adults with incident type 2 diabetes and found a U-shaped association.

The diagnostic accuracy of endometriosis-associated plasma miRNAs was tested in two large independent cohorts and none showed sufficient sensitivity and specificity for a noninvasive diagnostic.

In the present study, molecular investigation, using massive parallel sequencing, showed effectiveness in diagnosing one in seven patients with prenatal short stature of unknown etiology.

CVD risk in patients with Addison disease is primarily the result of coronary events in women. The glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid doses correlated with the risk of CVD.

We assessed the role of the amino acid exchange Gly388(385)Arg in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 in hepatic lipid accumulation and its implications for glucose metabolism.

Patients with mitochondrial disease are shorter than the general population, with adult height related to disease severity and rate of disease progression.

Youth or long-term dietary calcium intake is not associated with the risk of developing adult impaired glucose metabolism or T2D.

REM-AHI was independently associated with DR, whereas NREM-AHI was not. SDB, especially during REM sleep, could be the potential risk factor for DR.

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors express all five somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Immunohistochemical expression of SSTR3 or SSTR4 or lack of expression of SSTR1 or SSTR2 are potential prognostic factors.

Testosterone therapy in men with diabetes increases FGF2 expression in skeletal muscle while suppressing myostatin and Mrf4 expression. This may induce satellite cell activation and muscle growth.

General and height-specific QoL are improved in short-stature children treated by GH for 1 year, especially in emotional and social scores, according to children and parent questionnaires.

We demonstrated the phenotype and genotype features of women who experienced central precocious puberty or precocious menarche due to rare loss-of-function mutations of the DLK1 gene.

We present the first weighted genetic risk-prediction score for Graves disease using 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms and the largest cohort to date. It was stable and convenient, whereas the prediction performance was still modest.

The rate of appearance of ingested glucose is a key determinant of 1-hour postload glucose excursions in nondiabetic persons, along with early insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity.

This study describesendocrine dysfunction in a cohort with POEMS syndrome evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. All patients had regular screening of diabetes, pituitary, thyroid, and bone metabolism.

Younger age at diabetes diagnosis, better baseline insulin sensitivity, and improvements of acute insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity after treatment were all predictors of 2-year remission.

Four percent of the 391 1-year-old toddlers of the Feeding Study had BL. PNPLA3 gene CG/GG variants, toddler’s anthropometry, and maternal weight gain were associated with BL.

Normal-weight women with PCOS have increased adipose-IR and altered ASC gene expression associated with hyperandrogenism and IR.

Recent exposure to progesterone is associated with sleep-specific slowing of LH pulse frequency during the follicular phase in early postmenarchal girls but not with intercycle FSH dynamics.

The association of different steroid hormones with muscle mass and function was examined in the general population. As one result, cortisol metabolites appear to exert age-specific anabolic effects.

We evaluated thyroid abnormalities in extreme insulin resistance due to lipodystrophy or INSR mutation. Children in both groups had high prevalence of nodules. INSR^−/− patients had thyromegaly.

Levator ani, iliopsoas, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus muscles are selectively androgen responsive. Whether losses with androgen deprivation contribute to clinical deficits requires further study.

Peripheral quantitative CT analysis at the forearm of healthy children and adolescents revealed metabolically adverse relationships for a marker of bone marrow adipose tissue with glucocorticoid secretion and body fatness.

Obese patients have elevated urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Bariatric surgery reduces especially high urinary mtDNA copy number.

We elucidate a potential benefit of higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D for CKD in a subset of blacks with diabetes and genetic variants that confer lower levels of the biologically active hormone.

Umbilical cord serum samples were measured for 25[OH]D in 382 case children developing either islet autoimmunity or T1D, and in 382 matched controls. The levels were low and not associated with T1D.

Relationships between JC viruria and DKD were assessed. Just as in nondiabetic nephropathy, JC viruria showed a protective association with DKD.

In a direct comparison of carefully matched patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, we delineated diabetes type-specific correlates of insulin resistance, as measured using the clamp technique.

Brand-name thyroid hormone product use declined from 2007 to 2016 among three large, national insurer beneficiary populations, with certain patient characteristics being associated with brand-name use.

We studied 1075 men with azoospermia who underwent testicular sperm extraction. We observed a significant contribution of a common genetic variant of FSHB on sperm retrieval rate.

Even in nonobese, apparently healthy, Japanese men, reduced adipose tissue insulin sensitivity was associated with clinical features of metabolic syndrome.

Increased kynurenine levels during aging may contribute to the bone fragility seen in the elderly through the stimulation of bone resorption, with a resultant imbalance in bone remodeling.

The detection rate of subclinical hypothyroidism with targeted high-risk case finding screening can be improved when obesity body mass index 30 to 39.9 kg/m² and a Caucasian background are added to the American Thyroid Association guidelines defined risk factors.

A lower maternal cortisol-to-cortisone ratio precedes clinical diagnosis of preterm and term preeclampsia.

Retrospective study that identifies hormonal hypersecretion as an independent significant prognostic factor of worst overall survival, whereas SDHB mutations have no prognostic impact.

Patients with CD in remission have a more than twofold increased mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular diseases, but also due to infections and suicide.

Low-range physiological E₂ concentrations do not affect spontaneous or ghrelin-stimulated pulsatile GH secretion. P4 inhibits ghrelin-stimulated GH secretion in a concentration-dependent fashion.

In this longitudinal 28-year follow-up study including 1422 individuals, parental smoking and elevated cotinine levels in childhood were associated with lower bone mineral density in adulthood.

Serum estradiol measurements over the menopause were predictive of future fractures.

circOMA1 could promote NFPA progression by acting as the sponge of tumor suppressor miR-145-5p to regulate the TPT1 signaling pathway, revealing a therapeutic target in the tumorigenesis of NFPAs.

Intravenous infusion of UAG for 6 hours did not affect plasma glucose, insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, or energy expenditure in men with T2DM.

Self-reported invasive OPEs were common in women treated with denosumab up to 10 years and were associated with increased ONJ incidence; however, the overall rate of ONJ was low.

Independent of BMI, chronic exposure to glucocorticoids due to Cushing disease increases the presence of adipose tissue macrophages, a hallmark of adipose tissue inflammation.