
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Interactional Perspectives in Psychology Interactional Perspectives in Psychology
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Major Interactional Theories Major Interactional Theories
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The Cognitive–Affective Personality System Model The Cognitive–Affective Personality System Model
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Interdependence Theory Interdependence Theory
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Attachment Theory Attachment Theory
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Interactional Programs of Research in Relationship Science Interactional Programs of Research in Relationship Science
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Dependency/Risk Regulation and Self-Esteem Dependency/Risk Regulation and Self-Esteem
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Regulatory Focus in Close Relationships Regulatory Focus in Close Relationships
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Diathesis–Stress and Attachment Orientations Diathesis–Stress and Attachment Orientations
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Future Directions Future Directions
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References References
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23 Person-by-Situation Perspectives on Close Relationships
Get accessJeffry A. Simpson is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Doctoral Minor in Interpersonal Relationships at the University of Minnesota. His research interests focus on adult attachment processes, human mating, idealization in relationships, empathic accuracy in relationships, social influence in relationships, and how interpersonal experiences early in life affect adult health and relationship outcomes. He has served as editor of the journal Personal Relationships and the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes (JPSP-IRGP). His programs of research have been funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Aging, and the Marsden Foundation in New Zealand.
Heike A. Winterheld, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Published:09 October 2018
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Abstract
This chapter reviews theories and research that have adopted interactional (person-by-situation) approaches to studying close relationships. Interactional thinking in social and personality psychology is discussed from historical and contemporary perspectives, emphasizing ways in which individuals and situations intersect. Three theoretical models that adopt person-by-situation frameworks applied to important interpersonal processes are reviewed: the cognitive–affective personality system (CAPS) model, interdependence theory, and attachment theory. The chapter explains how and why person-by-situation approaches have increased our understanding of individuals within relationships. Specific research programs are highlighted. This research has revealed that certain types of situations elicit unique reactions in people with specific dispositional strengths or vulnerabilities. Collectively, these research programs indicate that one can neither predict nor understand how individuals think, feel, or behave in relationships without knowing the relational context in which they are embedded. The chapter concludes by discussing some new directions in which interactional-based thinking might head.
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