
Contents
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Why Situations Matter in Social Psychology Why Situations Matter in Social Psychology
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The “Power of the Situation” The “Power of the Situation”
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Why Situations Matter to Personality Psychology: Interactions and Affordances Why Situations Matter to Personality Psychology: Interactions and Affordances
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Toward a Taxonomy of Situations Toward a Taxonomy of Situations
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How Situations Are Defined: Major Distinctions How Situations Are Defined: Major Distinctions
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Objective Versus Perceived Features of Situations Objective Versus Perceived Features of Situations
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Nominal Versus Psychological Situations Nominal Versus Psychological Situations
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Concrete Versus Abstract Properties of Situations Concrete Versus Abstract Properties of Situations
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Descriptive Versus Theory-Driven Approaches Descriptive Versus Theory-Driven Approaches
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Major Theoretical Perspectives on the Conceptualization of Situations Major Theoretical Perspectives on the Conceptualization of Situations
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Early Concepts Early Concepts
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Person × Situation Interactionism Person × Situation Interactionism
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Mischel and Shoda’s Behavioral Signature Model Mischel and Shoda’s Behavioral Signature Model
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Interdependence Theory Interdependence Theory
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Final Issues Final Issues
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Strong Versus Weak Situations Strong Versus Weak Situations
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Which Aspects of Situations Should We Study? Which Aspects of Situations Should We Study?
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Beyond Dyads: Extending These Models to Groups, Organizations, and Cultures Beyond Dyads: Extending These Models to Groups, Organizations, and Cultures
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Conclusion: The Future of the “Power of the Situation” Conclusion: The Future of the “Power of the Situation”
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Notes Notes
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References References
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4 Perspectives on the Situation
Get accessHarry T. Reis, Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
John G. Holmes, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Published:09 October 2018
Cite
Abstract
This chapter reviews major theoretical positions on the influence of situations for the understanding of both personality and social–psychological processes. We review the history and current status of this topic, and we describe in some detail two recent theories that seem particularly amenable toward resolving the disparate approaches that this distinction often engenders. Broadly considered, our position is that personality and situations must be considered interacting factors, but in a theoretically specific way. The concept of affordance—that situations provide opportunities for the expression of certain personality traits—is central to our analysis. We also discuss several issues that personality and social psychologists might profitably consider to provide better grounding for theories and research about the impact of situations on behavior.
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