
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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The “Personal–Social” Dichotomy The “Personal–Social” Dichotomy
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Identity Content Identity Content
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The Extended Self: Personal as Well as Social The Extended Self: Personal as Well as Social
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Relational Identification Relational Identification
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Collective Identification Collective Identification
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Material Identification Material Identification
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Place Identification Place Identification
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The Individual Self: Social as Well as Personal The Individual Self: Social as Well as Personal
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The Physical Body The Physical Body
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Psychological Traits Psychological Traits
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Autobiographical Memories and Life Stories Autobiographical Memories and Life Stories
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Recognizing the Multiplicity of Identity Content Recognizing the Multiplicity of Identity Content
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Shifting Levels of Self-Categorization Shifting Levels of Self-Categorization
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Interconnections Among Identity Aspects Interconnections Among Identity Aspects
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Interim Summary Interim Summary
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Identity Processes Identity Processes
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Reflexive and Symbolic Self-Awareness Reflexive and Symbolic Self-Awareness
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Sociocultural Repertoires of Identity Categories and Positions Sociocultural Repertoires of Identity Categories and Positions
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Identity Formation and Negotiation in Social Relationships Identity Formation and Negotiation in Social Relationships
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in Identity Enactment Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in Identity Enactment
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Self-Perception: From Identity Enactment to Identity Definition Self-Perception: From Identity Enactment to Identity Definition
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Self-Verification: From Identity Definition to Identity Enactment Self-Verification: From Identity Definition to Identity Enactment
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Possible Future Identities as Pathways for Development Possible Future Identities as Pathways for Development
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Situated Identities and the Working Self-Concept Situated Identities and the Working Self-Concept
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Situated Coconstruction of Identity Narratives Situated Coconstruction of Identity Narratives
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Self-With-Other Representations and Internalized Audiences Self-With-Other Representations and Internalized Audiences
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Self-Categorization and Self-Stereotyping Self-Categorization and Self-Stereotyping
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Identity Motives: Maintaining a Satisfactory Identity Identity Motives: Maintaining a Satisfactory Identity
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Self-Esteem and Social Regulation Self-Esteem and Social Regulation
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Beyond Self-Esteem: Five More Identity Motives Beyond Self-Esteem: Five More Identity Motives
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Social Identity Maintenance: Intergroup and Intragroup Processes Social Identity Maintenance: Intergroup and Intragroup Processes
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Identity Change and Sociocultural Change Identity Change and Sociocultural Change
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Dissatisfaction of Identity Motives Dissatisfaction of Identity Motives
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External Events That Modify Identity Dynamics External Events That Modify Identity Dynamics
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Harnessing Identity Dynamics for Change Harnessing Identity Dynamics for Change
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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12 Identity: Personal AND Social
Get accessVivian L. Vignoles, School of Psychology, University of Sussex Brighton, England, UK
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Published:09 October 2018
Cite
Abstract
Identity refers to how people answer the question, “Who are you?” This question may be posed and answered explicitly or implicitly, at a personal or a collective level, to others or to oneself. Perspectives on identity tend to emphasize either personal or social contents and either personal or social processes. This chapter outlines key parameters for an integrative understanding of identity, arguing that identities are inescapably both personal and social, in their content and in the processes by which they are formed, maintained, and changed over time. Drawing on perspectives from psychology and neighboring disciplines, it examines the extensive and interconnected nature of identity content and the confluence of sociocultural, relational, and individual processes by which identities are formed, maintained, and change over time. The simultaneously personal and social nature of identity gives the construct its greatest theoretical potential: to provide insight into the relationship between the individual and society.
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