
Contents
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Outline History of Seleucid Babylonia Outline History of Seleucid Babylonia
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Historical Framework Historical Framework
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Administration of the Empire Administration of the Empire
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Seleucia Seleucia
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Seleucid Babylonia Seleucid Babylonia
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Seleucid Assyria Seleucid Assyria
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Roman Operations in Mesopotamia Roman Operations in Mesopotamia
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Bibliography Bibliography
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12 Hellenistic Rule and Roman Operations in Babylonia and Assyria
Get accessJohn MacGinnis is senior curator at the British Museum, where he has been lead archaeologist in the “Iraq Scheme” archaeological training program. His interests are the archaeology and epigraphy of Mesopotamia in the first millennium BC, i.e., the Assyrian through to the Parthian periods. He has worked in countries across the Middle East, including Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Turkey, and Cyprus; he has also worked in India and Pakistan. From 2016 to 2021 he directed excavations in the Darband-i Rania Pass in Iraqi Kurdistan, including at the site of Qalatga Darband, a fortified settlement dating to the early Parthian period, which is characterized by multiple elements exhibiting Hellenistic cultural influence. Prior to this he was a field director at Ziyaret Tepe in southeastern Turkey, the site of the Neo-Assyrian provincial capital of Tušhan, and was also archaeological advisor to the High Commission for Erbil Citadel Revitalisation.
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Published:22 April 2025
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Abstract
The conquests of Alexander and the fall of the Achaemenid empire ushered in one of the most fascinating periods in the history of Mesopotamia. The succeeding regimes were extensions of successively western (Seleucid) and eastern (Parthian) political systems, and they retained these cultural orientations. Alongside administrative changes, therefore, these periods saw the introduction of new languages and cultural and religious practices. The collapse of the Seleucid empire resulted in Mesopotamia coming under Parthian rule. At the same time, it paved the way for the Roman expansion in the east. As these two powers came into contact it was inevitable that Mesopotamia would become a major arena of interaction. Once again, the historical sources that document this interaction are complemented by archaeological data.
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