
Contents
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Historical Background Historical Background
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The Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium
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The Aftermath The Aftermath
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Syria and the Near East after the Battle of Actium Syria and the Near East after the Battle of Actium
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Herod’s Building Projects Herod’s Building Projects
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The Impact of Rome in the Near East The Impact of Rome in the Near East
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Concluding Remarks: Paving the Way for the Empire Concluding Remarks: Paving the Way for the Empire
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Bibliography Bibliography
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14 The Impact of Rome in the Near East after the Battle of Actium and the Rise of Herod: Politics and Art Intertwined
Get accessOlympia Bobou was born in Greece, where she studied history and archaeology, receiving an M.Phil. in classical archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. She continued her studies at Oxford, where she completed a doctoral thesis on statues of children in the Hellenistic period, under the supervision of Professor Bert Smith. She worked as a research assistant and lecturer at various institutions in the UK, including the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. She has published a monograph and various articles on the representations of children, as well as articles on emotions in ancient art. She is now working at the Circular Economy and Urban Sustainability in Antiquity Project, UrbNet, Aarhus University, as an assistant professor.
Rubina Raja (D.Phil. 2005, University of Oxford) is professor of classical archaeology and art and chair at Aarhus University, Denmark. She is also centre director of the Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre of Excellence for Urban Network Evolutions (grant: DNRF119) and heads several further collaborative research projects with a focus on West Asia and Palmyrene culture and society, including the Palmyra Portrait Project. Raja has published widely on the Mediterranean region and West Asia from the Hellenistic period into the medieval period with a focus on global outlooks as expressed through local behaviours. She specialises in urban societies and their diverse networks and cultures, including their architectural and other visual cultures, such as portrait cultures.
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Published:22 April 2025
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Abstract
The victory of Octavian over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium and the subsequent death of his opponents made him sole ruler of the extensive and expanding Roman territories. In his victory, Octavian proved himself a generous man and allowed various allies of Mark Antony to retain their positions of power. Among them, Herod proved the most successful, retaining his position as king of Judaea until his death, and the one who had the most impact. His numerous building projects, ranging from single buildings to entire cities, demonstrated loyalty to Jewish tradition and the new Roman regime in equal measure, and had an effect on the architecture and decorative forms of the whole region.
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