
Contents
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Key Points Key Points
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Introduction Introduction
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The Significance of Peers The Significance of Peers
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Goals Goals
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Theoretical Perspectives Theoretical Perspectives
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Children and Their Friends Children and Their Friends
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Functions of Friendship: Developmental Considerations Functions of Friendship: Developmental Considerations
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Children’s Understanding of Friendship Children’s Understanding of Friendship
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Individual Differences Individual Differences
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The Prevalence and Stability of Friendship The Prevalence and Stability of Friendship
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Similarities Between Friends Similarities Between Friends
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Interactions Between Friends Interactions Between Friends
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Friendship and Gender Friendship and Gender
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Children Without Friends Children Without Friends
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Friendship and Adjustment: Short- and Long-Term Considerations Friendship and Adjustment: Short- and Long-Term Considerations
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Summary Summary
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Peer Acceptance and Rejection Peer Acceptance and Rejection
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The Measurement of Acceptance and Rejection The Measurement of Acceptance and Rejection
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The Behavioral Correlates of Peer Acceptance The Behavioral Correlates of Peer Acceptance
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The Behavioral Correlates of Peer Rejection The Behavioral Correlates of Peer Rejection
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Aggression and Disruptive Behavior Aggression and Disruptive Behavior
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Social Withdrawal Social Withdrawal
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The Behavioral Correlates of Perceived Popularity The Behavioral Correlates of Perceived Popularity
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Contextual Differences in the Behavioral Correlates of Status Contextual Differences in the Behavioral Correlates of Status
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Social Cognitive, Self-System, and Affective Correlates of Peer Acceptance and Rejection Social Cognitive, Self-System, and Affective Correlates of Peer Acceptance and Rejection
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Social Information Processing Social Information Processing
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Rejection Sensitivity Rejection Sensitivity
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Loneliness Loneliness
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The Self-System The Self-System
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Summary Summary
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Outcomes of Peer Relationships Outcomes of Peer Relationships
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Peer Rejection and Externalizing Problems Peer Rejection and Externalizing Problems
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Peer Rejection and Internalizing Problems Peer Rejection and Internalizing Problems
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The Peer Group as a Social Context The Peer Group as a Social Context
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The Peer Group as a Social Context The Peer Group as a Social Context
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Peer Group Functions Peer Group Functions
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Cliques and Crowds Cliques and Crowds
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Groups and Adaptation Groups and Adaptation
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Summary Summary
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Culture and Peer Relationships Culture and Peer Relationships
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Culture and Friendship Culture and Friendship
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Ethnicity, Race, and Friendship Ethnicity, Race, and Friendship
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Culture and Peer Acceptance/Rejection Culture and Peer Acceptance/Rejection
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Peer Acceptance Peer Acceptance
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Peer Rejection Peer Rejection
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Summary and Conclusions Summary and Conclusions
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Transactional Models of Development Transactional Models of Development
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A Pathway to Psychosocial Adaptation A Pathway to Psychosocial Adaptation
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A Maladaptive Pathway A Maladaptive Pathway
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A Proviso A Proviso
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Summary Summary
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Questions for Future Research Questions for Future Research
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Acknowledgment Acknowledgment
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References References
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11 Peer Relationships in Childhood
Get accessKenneth H. Rubin is Professor of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology and Director, Center for Children, Relationships, and Culture at the University of Maryland, College Park
Julie C. Bowker is Associate Professor, University of Buffalo, State University of New York.
Kristina L. McDonald, Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, University of Alabama
Melissa Menzer, Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, College Park.
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Published:16 December 2013
Cite
Abstract
The significance of peers in the lives of children and adolescents is described. The chapter begins with a discussion of theory relevant to the study of peer interactions, relationships, and groups. Next examined are the prevalence, stability, and characteristics of children’s friendships, the psychosocial correlates and consequences of having a mutual friendship and of having friendships with others who are experiencing adjustment difficulties. Thereafter, sections are focused on the assessment of peer acceptance, rejection, and popularity, and the behavioral, social-cognitive, affective, and self-system concomitants and longitudinal outcomes of peer acceptance and rejection. Subsequently, the extant literature pertaining to child and adolescent peer groups, cliques, and crowds is described. In the next section, the growing literature on culture and peer relationships is discussed. Then, in the summary, we present a transactional, developmental framework for understanding individual differences in children’s peer relationships experiences.
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