Volume 158, Issue 5, 1 May 2017

Review of the emerging endocrine roles of peripheral serotonin.

Glycine is a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes. The contribution of reduced glycine to impaired glucose control remains unclear. We review potential impacts in the brain, pancreas, and elsewhere.

This review summarizes recent findings on the molecular and cellular makeup of the circadian timing system and its implications in temporal coordination of glucose metabolism in health and disease. 

This review summarizes recent findings about the role of the central nervous system in the control of energy balance.

A brief detailed overview of the literature from basic science to human clinical trials supporting a protective role of estrogens, specifically signaling through ERα, in cardiometabolic health.

This report represents the characterization of precursor protein, localization, distribution, and biological action of neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) in the mouse hypothalamus.

Parathyroid hormone injection increases FGF23 production and cleavage in mice.

Neonatal baboons received serial hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. When born preterm, altered hepatic insulin signaling, decreased PEPCK mRNA, and decreased endogenous glucose production was found.

ART-induced endothelial dysfunction, when challenged with a metabolic stress, facilitates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.

We compared the effects of exercise and whole-body vibration in obese and nonobese mice. The results indicate that whole-body vibration mimics the effects of exercise on metabolism in obese mice.

GPR120 contributes to oil-induced GIP secretion in mice by enhancing CCK secretion, whereas GPR40 contributes more greatly and is involved in both CCK-dependent and -independent GIP secretion in vivo.

Treatment of female mice with DHEA induced PCOS-like symptoms. HHcy may exaggerate IR in the PCOS-like mice, most likely via the estrogen-mediated imbalance of macrophage M1/M2 polarization.

Effects of CGRP on metabolic function were analyzed using CGRP^−/−, which showed resistance to obesity with higher expression of β3-adrenergic receptor and higher glycerol release from adipose tissue.

NIK was conditionally deleted in mice. Deletion of NIK in the liver but not hepatocytes or immune cells alone protects against HFD-induced liver steatosis and hepatic glucose production.

Follistatin promotes brown adipocyte characteristics by targeting distinct pathways in white and brown adipose tissues.

We found, using in vivo and in vitro gene silencing and overexpression, that the lipid droplet–associated protein HILPDA is not a physiological regulator of adipocyte lipolysis.

This study describes a specific and efficacious blocking monoclonal antibody to ANGPTL8 that lowers circulating triglycerides in mice and nonhuman primates.

Lack of adipocyte TLR4 signaling gives rise to a complex metabolic phenotype with improved resistance to acute exposure to saturated fats, whereas it is detrimental upon prolonged HFD exposure.

We investigated how energy cues engage the lateral hypothalamus, and reveal that leptin-sensing neurotensin neurons are hubs for hormone-mediated control of ingestive and locomotor behaviors.

We report that the Ldb1 transcriptional coregulator has roles in energy homeostasis, in part through transcriptional modulation of critical regulators of brown adipose tissue function.

We identified a novel BRS-3 agonist, compound-A, and possible mechanism of antiobesity effects modulating circadian rhythm and activation of the HPA axis via SCN.

An engineered FGF21 with improved pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmaceutical properties was developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Thyroid hormone and the thyromimetic sobetirome lower CNS levels of very long chain fatty acids in a mouse model of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy supporting a therapeutic strategy for X-ALD.

In rat adrenals, the assessment of clock genes expression ontogeny revealed a progressive postnatal maturation of clock genes circadian variation in synchrony with corticosterone circadian rhythm.

FGF23 and calcium regulation in zebrafish.

We assessed the actions of the AM-RAMP2 system using a vascular injury model and demonstrated this system exerts vasoprotective effects and is a novel therapeutic target for vascular diseases.

Three-dimensional analysis revealed that endogenous human islets exhibit a distinct vascular network that promotes specific cell-cell interactions of islet cells and substantially alters after transplantation.

Igf1, Cish, and a subset of male-biased liver genes undergo rapid pulsatile increases in chromatin accessibility and gene transcription with each male plasma GH pulse–induced cycle of STAT5 activation.

This article shows that the expressions of GH, IGF-1, and insulin receptors in mouse AT are affected by modified GH action. Furthermore, receptor expressions occur in a depot-dependent manner.

Fetal zone steroid (FZS)–mediated neuroprotection was similar to that of E2 in a preterm hyperoxia model. In the presence of FZSs, there was no synergism with E2 treatment in two of three cell types.

The capacity of circulating ghrelin to induce gastric emptying in mice requires the integrity of the area postrema, which contains a population of GABA neurons that are the target of plasma ghrelin.

PERP and desmosome components are dysregulated in sparsely granulated GH tumors. In vitro studies suggest that downregulation of PERP plays an important role in sparsely granulated tumorigenesis and survival.

The Kiss-Kissr system was identified in amphioxus. Kiss can interact with Kissr, induce zebrafish LH release, and increase amphioxus gpb5 expression. Also, Kiss/Kissr is down-regulated after spawning.

Steroid metabolome analysis by mass spectrometry in the isolated ovarian follicle revealed early developmental capacity for androgen synthesis, which was upregulated by androgen receptor antagonists.

A stressful experience does not influence GR binding in the hippocampus relative to nonstressed controls. Insights into GR binding mechanisms include support via basic helix–loop–helix and NF-1 motifs.

Restoring redox balance by NAC treatment prevents NTIS-related thyroid hormone derangement and preserves heart function in rats subjected to MI.

Genome-wide identification of corticosteroid receptor binding loci on the DNA suggests that at MR-exclusive binding sites, NeuroD factors cooperate with MR binding and/or functionality.