
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Lay Descriptions of Others Lay Descriptions of Others
-
Traits’ Relations to Each Other Traits’ Relations to Each Other
-
Conceptions of Traits Conceptions of Traits
-
Types Types
-
Stereotypes Stereotypes
-
Other Frameworks for Describing Others Other Frameworks for Describing Others
-
-
Processes of Impression Formation Processes of Impression Formation
-
Attention Attention
-
Priming Priming
-
Valence Acquisition Valence Acquisition
-
Spontaneous Inferences from Behaviors Spontaneous Inferences from Behaviors
-
Control and Automatic Processes Control and Automatic Processes
-
-
Accuracy of Initial Impressions Accuracy of Initial Impressions
-
Accuracy in Trait Judgments Accuracy in Trait Judgments
-
Deception Deception
-
Motivated Biases and Distortions Motivated Biases and Distortions
-
-
Features of Targets, Perceivers, and Relations Features of Targets, Perceivers, and Relations
-
Target Features Target Features
-
Perceiver Features Perceiver Features
-
Relational Features Relational Features
-
-
Explanations Explanations
-
Attribution Theory Attribution Theory
-
Theory of Mind Theory of Mind
-
Simulation Theory and the Self-Referential Perceptions of Others Simulation Theory and the Self-Referential Perceptions of Others
-
-
Conclusion Conclusion
-
References References
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14 Initial Impressions of Others
Get accessJames S. Uleman, Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
S. Adil Saribay, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
-
Published:18 September 2012
Cite
Abstract
“Initial impressions” bring together personality and social psychology like no other field of study—“personality” because (1) impressions are about personalities, and (2) perceivers’ personalities affect these impressions; and “social” because (3) social cognitive processes of impression formation, and (4) sociocultural contexts have major effects on impressions. To make these points, we first review how people explicitly describe others: the terms we use, how these descriptions reveal our theories about others, the important roles of traits and types (including stereotypes) in these descriptions, and other prominent frameworks (e.g., narratives and social roles). Then we highlight recent research on the social cognitive processes underlying these descriptions: automatic and controlled attention, the many effects of primes (semantic and affective) and their dependence on contexts, the acquisition of valence, spontaneous inferences about others, and the interplay of automatic and control processes. Third, we examine how accurate initial impressions are, and what accuracy means, as well as deception and motivated biases and distortions. Fourth, we review recent research on effects of target features, perceiver features, and relations between targets and perceivers. Finally, we look at frameworks for understanding explanations, as distinct from descriptions: attribution theory, theory of mind, and simulation theory.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
October 2022 | 6 |
November 2022 | 2 |
January 2023 | 4 |
February 2023 | 3 |
March 2023 | 1 |
June 2023 | 1 |
October 2023 | 1 |
December 2023 | 1 |
January 2024 | 3 |
April 2024 | 1 |
July 2024 | 4 |
October 2024 | 1 |
November 2024 | 1 |
December 2024 | 1 |
January 2025 | 3 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.