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23 Austria
Get accessCorinna Peniston-Bird is Senior Lecturer in Cultural History at Lancaster University. Her publications include ‘Coffee, Klimt and Climbing: Constructing an Austrian National Identity in Tourist Literature 1918–1938’, in J. K. Walton (ed.), Histories of Tourism: Representation, Identity and Conflict (Clevedon, 2005), and Contesting Home Defence: Men, Women and the Home Guard in the Second World War (Manchester, 2007), with Penny Summerfield.
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Published:18 September 2012
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Abstract
In the twenty-year lifespan of the First Republic, there were three contenders for the label of fascist: the Austrian Nazi Party, the Heimwehr, and the Corporate State. In Austria, one is not comparing like with like, however: the Heimwehr and the Austrian Nazis constituted movements that existed from the outset of the new republic, the Nazis with origins reaching back to the turn of the century. The Corporate State, on the other hand, was a short-lived regime that incorporated and reacted to (and against) these movements. One can best compare the opening phases of fascism in the case of the Heimwehr and the Nazis: the Heimwehr only accrued partial power, and was ultimately incorporated into the Corporate State, and the ultimate Nazi victory in 1938 was ambiguous given that it was under German party leadership.
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