
Contents
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I. Introduction I. Introduction
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II. Origins II. Origins
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III. Race and the Formation Of Mussolini and Hitler III. Race and the Formation Of Mussolini and Hitler
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IV. Fascism in Power, 1922–1932 IV. Fascism in Power, 1922–1932
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V. Nazis in Power, 1933–1940 V. Nazis in Power, 1933–1940
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VI. The ‘Radicalization’ of Race in Fascist Italy, 1933–1943 VI. The ‘Radicalization’ of Race in Fascist Italy, 1933–1943
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VII. War and the Nazi Final Solution, 1941–1945 VII. War and the Nazi Final Solution, 1941–1945
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VIII. Salò and the Holocaust in Italy, 1943–1945 VIII. Salò and the Holocaust in Italy, 1943–1945
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IX. Concluding Remarks IX. Concluding Remarks
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Bibliography Bibliography
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16 Race
Get accessRobert S. C. Gordon is Reader in Modern Italian Culture at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College. His publications include Primo Levi's Ordinary Virtues: From Testimony to Ethics (Oxford, 2001), An Introduction to Twentieth-Century Italian Literature: A Difficult Modernity (London, 2005), and (co-edited with Guido Bonsaver) Culture, Censorship and the State in 20th-Century Italy (Oxford, 2005).
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Published:18 September 2012
Cite
Abstract
Whereas Hitler's Germany was centrally structured around a racial or racist ideology, a form of ‘Aryan’ anti-Semitism, Mussolini and the Italy of the ventennio were only marginally and latterly interested in questions of race, and then only for contingent or tactical reasons to do with Italy's political alignment with Nazi Germany. If the former was a ‘racial state’, the latter – even as it pursued, at times, an aggressive politics of race – was not. This article compares fascist Italy and Nazi Germany on questions of race in the light of such new insights and emphases, offering a snapshot of current thinking about the role of race in the ideology, historical reality, and ‘essential nature’ of fascism. It looks at the two regimes in parallel, in a sequence moving from origins, to legislation and action once in power, to the extremes of racial violence both reached in their final years.
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