
Contents
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I. Fascist Anticlericalism and Anti-Catholicism I. Fascist Anticlericalism and Anti-Catholicism
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II. Italian Fascism, Mussolini, and the Papacy II. Italian Fascism, Mussolini, and the Papacy
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III. Hitler, Nazi Germany, and the Roman Catholic Church III. Hitler, Nazi Germany, and the Roman Catholic Church
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IV. ‘Catholic Fascism’? IV. ‘Catholic Fascism’?
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V. The Second World War, Genocides, and The Papacy V. The Second World War, Genocides, and The Papacy
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VI. The ‘Appeal’ Of Fascism VI. The ‘Appeal’ Of Fascism
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VII. Catholic Anti-Fascism VII. Catholic Anti-Fascism
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VIII. Conclusion VIII. Conclusion
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Bibliography Bibliography
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9 Fascism and Catholicism
Get accessJ. F. Pollard is Fellow in History at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Emeritus Professor of Modern European History at Anglia Ruskin University. He has published extensively on the history ofmodern Italy and the papacy, most notably The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929–1932 (Cambridge, 1985), Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850–1950 (Cambridge, 2005), and ‘Clerical Fascism: Context, Overview and Conclusion’, in M. Feldman and M. Turda (eds), ‘Clerical Fascism’ in Interwar Europe (London, 2008).
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Published:18 September 2012
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Abstract
The first fascist movement to come to power, Italian fascism, did so in a country that was 99 per cent Catholic and the seat of the papacy, and ‘clerical fascist’ movements came to power in another two overwhelmingly Catholic countries, the first Slovak Republic and the Croatian Independent State. Fascist movements and regimes in other European countries also entered into relations with the Roman Catholic Church, and in broader terms, many Catholics, individually and collectively, were closely involved with fascist movements and regimes in the inter-war years. This article analyses the complex relationships between fascism, the institutional church, and Catholics more generally. It examines the initial attitudes of fascist movements to Catholicism/the Catholic Church, the encounter between fascism and Catholicism, and the interests and common enemies that brought them together in this encounter.
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