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Many heuristics process information without making trade-offs, that is, in a noncompensatory way. For instance, the “availability heuristic” predicts that judgments are based on the ease with which things come to mind. The “affect heuristic” captures the notion that judgments are based on the affective tag associated with an object. Both heuristics suggest that people make judgments based on only a single piece of information—ease of retrieval and affect, respectively—and ignore all further information. Being described phenomenologically rather than in a precise process model, the assumption of noncompensatory processing is usually not spelled out in these heuristics. Perhaps this explains why one-reason decision making embodied in the heuristics of the heuristics-and-biases program has sparked so little debate.
Not so with the recognition heuristic. When Goldstein and Gigerenzer (2002) spelled out that recognition overrides further probabilistic cues, their assumption of noncompensatory processing drew heavy fire. In their article, Thorsten Pachur, Arndt Bröder, and Julian Marewski address those critics, many of whom tested the heuristic in situations that deviated substantially from what Goldstein and Gigerenzer had in mind. Pachur and colleagues show that in a domain where the recognition validity is high, inferences from memory frequently follow recognition, irrespective of the number of cues contradicting it. Individual analyses revealed strong individual differences. Nevertheless, an amazing 50% of the participants in their study chose the recognized object in every single trial, even when they had knowledge of three cues indicating that the recognized object had a small criterion value. As predicted by the recognition heuristic, cue knowledge beyond recognition often seemed to be ignored.
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