
Contents
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23 On the Psychology of the Recognition Heuristic: Retrieval Primacy as a Key Determinant of Its Use
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PREVIOUS TESTS OF THE NONCOMPENSATORY STATUS OF RECOGNITION PREVIOUS TESTS OF THE NONCOMPENSATORY STATUS OF RECOGNITION
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HOW CAN THE RECOGNITION HEURISTIC BE TESTED? HOW CAN THE RECOGNITION HEURISTIC BE TESTED?
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Conclusive Criterion Knowledge Conclusive Criterion Knowledge
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Use of Induced Recognition Use of Induced Recognition
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Use of Induced Cue Knowledge Use of Induced Cue Knowledge
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Low Recognition Validity Low Recognition Validity
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OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTS OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTS
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EXPERIMENT 1: DOES INDUCED CUE KNOWLEDGE OVERRIDE NATURAL RECOGNITION? EXPERIMENT 1: DOES INDUCED CUE KNOWLEDGE OVERRIDE NATURAL RECOGNITION?
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Method Method
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Participants. Participants.
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Materials. Materials.
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Design and procedure. Design and procedure.
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Results and Discussion Results and Discussion
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Cue knowledge, recognition, and cue validity estimates Cue knowledge, recognition, and cue validity estimates
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Effect of additional cue knowledge on choice of recognized city Effect of additional cue knowledge on choice of recognized city
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EXPERIMENT 2: REPLICATION WITH INCREASED AMOUNT OF EVIDENCE CONTRADICTING RECOGNITION EXPERIMENT 2: REPLICATION WITH INCREASED AMOUNT OF EVIDENCE CONTRADICTING RECOGNITION
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Method Method
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Participants and procedure. Participants and procedure.
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Material. Material.
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Results and Discussion Results and Discussion
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Cue knowledge, recognition, and cue validity estimates Cue knowledge, recognition, and cue validity estimates
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Effect of additional cue knowledge on choice of recognized city Effect of additional cue knowledge on choice of recognized city
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ADDITIONAL ANALYSES ADDITIONAL ANALYSES
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GENERAL DISCUSSION GENERAL DISCUSSION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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NOTES NOTES
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APPENDIX APPENDIX
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Were Participants' Recognition Rates Affected by Experimental Familiarity to the City Names? Were Participants' Recognition Rates Affected by Experimental Familiarity to the City Names?
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24 The Recognition Heuristic in Memory-Based Inference: Is Recognition a Non-compensatory Cue?
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Published:April 2011
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Abstract
The recognition heuristic makes the strong claim that probabilistic inferences in which a recognized object is compared to an unrecognized one are made solely on the basis of whether the objects are recognized or not, ignoring all other available cues. This claim has been seriously challenged by a number of studies that have shown a clear effect of additional cue knowledge. In most of these studies, either recognition knowledge was acquired during the experiment, and/or additional cues were provided to participants. However, the recognition heuristic is more likely to be a tool for exploiting natural (rather than induced) recognition when inferences have to be made from memory. in this chapter's study on natural recognition and inferences from memory, around 85% of the inferences followed recognition information even when participants had learned three cues that contradicted recognition and when some of the contradictory cues were deemed more valid than recognition. Nevertheless, there were strong individual differences in the use of recognition. Whereas about half of the participants chose the recognized object regardless of the number of conflicting cues—suggestive of the hypothesized noncompensatory processing of recognition—the remaining participants were influenced by the additional knowledge. In addition, we found that the use of recognition for an inference may be affected by whether additional cue knowledge has been learned outside or within the experimental setting.
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