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13 Globalization, Uncertainty, and the Returns to Education Over the Life Course in Modern Societies
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Introduction Introduction
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Historical Background Historical Background
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The Expansion of State Educational Provision The Expansion of State Educational Provision
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Colonial Education Colonial Education
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The New Republics in the 19th Century The New Republics in the 19th Century
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The Language of Instruction The Language of Instruction
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The “Estado Docente” (1900–1950) The “Estado Docente” (1900–1950)
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State Education and Religion State Education and Religion
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The Massification of Secondary and Higher Education, 1950–1982 The Massification of Secondary and Higher Education, 1950–1982
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The 1982 Debt Crisis and the Upsurge in Marketized Education The 1982 Debt Crisis and the Upsurge in Marketized Education
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Conclusion: An Underlying Pattern of Fitful and Lopsided Advances, Subject to Reversals Conclusion: An Underlying Pattern of Fitful and Lopsided Advances, Subject to Reversals
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Notes Notes
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References References
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42 Economic Globalization and Evolution of Education Spending in the Brazilian Federation, 2013–2019
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39 Educational Challenges in Latin America: An Outline From Conquest to COVID-19
Get accessLaurence Whitehead, Nuffield College, University of Oxford
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Published:23 October 2023
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Abstract
This broad survey chapter outlines the fitful and uneven progress of both formal and informal educational provision in Latin America since the European Conquest. It underscores heterogeneous and unstable features that may also be present in other large world regions, but that are especially visible in the subcontinent. These large-scale geographical and historical variations leave lasting legacies that affect educational attainments up to the present day. In addition, the chapter also highlights the complex aftermath of the region’s 1982 debt crisis, which caused a partial rollback of hitherto expansionary state provided education, and it notes the (probably major) setback represented by the current pandemic.
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