
Contents
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1. Introduction 1. Introduction
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2. Pytheas of Massalia 2. Pytheas of Massalia
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3. The Later 4th century bce and the Effect of Alexander 3. The Later 4th century bce and the Effect of Alexander
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4. The 3rd Century bce and Eratosthenes 4. The 3rd Century bce and Eratosthenes
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5. Hipparchus and Polybius 5. Hipparchus and Polybius
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6. Periploi and Fantasies 6. Periploi and Fantasies
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7. The 1st Century bce 7. The 1st Century bce
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8. The Romans 8. The Romans
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9. Homeric Topography 9. Homeric Topography
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10. Strabo 10. Strabo
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Bibliography Bibliography
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C5 Hellenistic Geography from Ephorus Through Strabo
Get accessThe Ohio State University
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Published:10 July 2018
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Abstract
Geography as a scholarly discipline originated in the period from the 4th century BCE through the 1st century CE. Ephorus in the 340s BCE was the first to write about it in detail, and the slightly later explorations of Pytheas to the North Atlantic and Baltic, and Alexander the Great to India, provided data that allowed Eratosthenes of Cyrene, after ca 250 BCE, to write the first scholarly treatise on geography, even inventing the term. Other Hellenistic authors added to the topic, especially Hipparchus and Polybius. Fantasy geography—mythical places at the end of the known world—also developed, but such works could contain valuable information. The culmination of Hellenistic geographical thought was the 17-book treatise of Strabo of Amaseia, completed ca 25 CE. It is the most complete ancient work on geography, and the source for most of the previous history of geography, including numerous quotations from works now lost.
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