
Contents
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1. Introduction: Philosophy as Commentary 1. Introduction: Philosophy as Commentary
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2. Who Are the Later Ancient Commentators? A Selection of Key Figures, ca 300–600 ce 2. Who Are the Later Ancient Commentators? A Selection of Key Figures, ca 300–600 ce
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3. Integrating Plato and Aristotle: Two Worlds 3. Integrating Plato and Aristotle: Two Worlds
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4. Curriculum and Context 4. Curriculum and Context
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5. The Scientific Method of Aristotle and the Commentators 5. The Scientific Method of Aristotle and the Commentators
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6. Subject Matter of Physics: Aristotle and the Commentators 6. Subject Matter of Physics: Aristotle and the Commentators
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6.1 Phusis 6.1 Phusis
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6.1.1 The Commentators on Aristotle’s Phusis 6.1.1 The Commentators on Aristotle’s Phusis
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6.1.2 Phusis and Biological Reproduction 6.1.2 Phusis and Biological Reproduction
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6.2 The Elements, Dynamics, and “Natural Place” 6.2 The Elements, Dynamics, and “Natural Place”
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6.2.1 Aristotle 6.2.1 Aristotle
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6.2.2 The Commentators on the Elements: Five or Four? 6.2.2 The Commentators on the Elements: Five or Four?
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6.2.3 The Commentators on Natural Place 6.2.3 The Commentators on Natural Place
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6.2.4 A Challenge in Aristotelian Dynamics: Philoponus and the Theory of Impetus 6.2.4 A Challenge in Aristotelian Dynamics: Philoponus and the Theory of Impetus
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6.3. Hylemorphism and Causality 6.3. Hylemorphism and Causality
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6.3.1 Aristotle on Hylemorphism in Nature 6.3.1 Aristotle on Hylemorphism in Nature
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6.3.2 Aristotle on Four Modes of Causation 6.3.2 Aristotle on Four Modes of Causation
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6.3.3 The Neoplatonist Commentators on Hylemorphism and Revision of Four Modes of Causation to Six 6.3.3 The Neoplatonist Commentators on Hylemorphism and Revision of Four Modes of Causation to Six
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6.3.4 Teleology in the Commentators 6.3.4 Teleology in the Commentators
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6.4. Place and Time 6.4. Place and Time
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6.4.1 Place 6.4.1 Place
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6.4.2 Philoponus, Space, and Prime Matter 6.4.2 Philoponus, Space, and Prime Matter
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6.4.3 Time 6.4.3 Time
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6.5 World Picture 6.5 World Picture
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6.5.1 Does the World have a Beginning in Time? 6.5.1 Does the World have a Beginning in Time?
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6.5.2 The Kosmos, Its Spatial Limits and Contents 6.5.2 The Kosmos, Its Spatial Limits and Contents
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7. Concluding Remarks 7. Concluding Remarks
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Bibliography Bibliography
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E3 The Greek Neoplatonist Commentators on Aristotle
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Published:10 July 2018
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Abstract
Greek Neoplatonist commentators on Aristotle practiced philosophy and science in the third through seventh centuries ce by performing innovative exegesis of Aristotle’s works. To investigate nature is, for the commentators, to read with understanding Aristotle’s treatises in a set curriculum, with a commentary and teacher. Therefore, a mature philosopher would often prove to be a capable commentator, or interpreter, who could foster the reading of the primary texts with charity and objectivity, eliciting the author’s meaning through paraphrase, lemmatized discussion, and a critically evaluated doxography of the puzzles presented by the text. On the Neoplatonist account, the system expounded in Aristotle’s treatises is uniform and consistent, and is harmonious with the philosophy expounded in Plato’s dialogues. This chapter surveys concepts in the commentators including nature (phusis), biological reproduction, the five or four elements, dynamics and Philoponus’ impetus, natural place and three-dimensional space, modes of causation, teleology, time, cosmogony, and cosmology.
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