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1. Life and Times 1. Life and Times
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2. Roman Assimilation of Foreign Drug Lore: Dioscorides’ Expanded World 2. Roman Assimilation of Foreign Drug Lore: Dioscorides’ Expanded World
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3. Egypt’s Millennially Old Pharmacological Traditions 3. Egypt’s Millennially Old Pharmacological Traditions
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4. Coastal North Africa: Cyrene’s Wonder Drug 4. Coastal North Africa: Cyrene’s Wonder Drug
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5. Mauretania and Morocco: Juba’s Euphorbion 5. Mauretania and Morocco: Juba’s Euphorbion
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6. Animals, Their Parts, and Greco-Roman Pharmacology 6. Animals, Their Parts, and Greco-Roman Pharmacology
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7. Pontus and Russian Beavers 7. Pontus and Russian Beavers
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8. Principles of Organization: Myrrh, Frankincense, and the Sea Urchin 8. Principles of Organization: Myrrh, Frankincense, and the Sea Urchin
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9. Narcotics and Poisons: Uses and Cautions 9. Narcotics and Poisons: Uses and Cautions
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9.1 Hemlock 9.1 Hemlock
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9.2 Thornapple, Crateuas, and Mithridates VI 9.2 Thornapple, Crateuas, and Mithridates VI
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9.3 Henbane, Opium, and Mandrake: Poisons as Analgesics and Anesthetics 9.3 Henbane, Opium, and Mandrake: Poisons as Analgesics and Anesthetics
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Bibliography Bibliography
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C14 Pharmacology in the Early Roman Empire: Dioscorides and His Multicultural Gleanings
Get accessJohn Scarborough, Professor Emeritus, Department of History and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Published:10 July 2018
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Abstract
The chapter examines the pharmaceutical work of Dioscorides. The many texts of Hellenistic pharmacy, mostly lost, lie in the immediate background of Dioscorides’ work, and those connections are delineated here, showing links to Andromachus, Arius, Iuba, Sextius Niger, and Theophrastus. The ecumenical Roman Empire provided a wide array of medical stuffs that Dioscorides classifies by type of effect, for use by compounding pharmacists. Pharmacology melds with medical dietetics: Dioscorides exploited Arabian resins, Egyptian books providing recipes, the valued silphion of Cyrene, poisons by Mithradates, and the book of the North African king Iuba publicizing his new discovery of euphorbion. Dioscorides exploits not only plants but also parts of various animals. Disocorides is careful with the powerful analgesic drugs then available, henbane, mandrake, and opium. His fifth book covers mineral medicines and wine additives.
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