Volume 77, Issue 7, 1 October 2023

This review describes the current state of care for periprosthetic joint infection, focusing on multidisciplinary collaboration, common diagnostic and management conundrums, and patient-focused decision making.

In a phase 2 randomized controlled trial of nonhospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, oral camostat did not accelerate viral clearance, time to symptom improvement, or reduce hospitalizations or deaths compared with placebo.

Anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibodies with neutralizing activity against current variants are detectable in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products and transmitted to patients, whose serum demonstrates significantly improved viral neutralization capacity postinfusion. IVIG, together with remdesivir, successfully treats chronic coronavirus disease 2019.

Treatment of high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and convalescent immunoglobulin G compared with convalescent plasma failed to reach noninferiority on day 14 but was superior on day 28. In particular, survival and clinical improvement was better in unvaccinated patients treated with immunoglobulin G.

We report 475 cryptococcosis cases from Australasia. Patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comprised 90% of cases. Of these, only 61% had known immunocompromise. Cryptococcosis was an incidental finding in 16%. Increased awareness of cryptococcosis is warranted in patients without HIV.

Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from NEAT022 study at high risk for cardiovascular disease showed high rates of hypertension. Switching to dolutegravir did not negatively impact on the incidence of hypertension relative to continuing protease inhibitors.

EARLY-SIMPLIFIED is a 4-year open-label trial with randomized and observational phases showing noninferiority of dolutegravir monotherapy versus combination antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV-1 having initiated therapy during primary infection. At 192 weeks, no virological failure occurred in either group.

Our systematic review showed deficiencies in methodological and reporting quality of antiretroviral noninferiority randomized controlled trials, consistent with findings reported within infectious diseases literature for antibiotic and antifungal trials. Improved reporting will improve the quality of evidence underlying treatment decisions.

High-dose vaccination among people aged ≥65 years with breakthrough influenza was associated with lower post-influenza mortality, even during seasons when antigenically drifted H3N2 circulated. Attenuation of disease severity should be included when assessing vaccine policy recommendations.

By interrupted time series analysis of 8 hospitals, adoption of 2-step Clostridioides difficile testing was associated with a significant decrease in hospital-onset C. difficile incidence, decreased C. difficile–specific antibiotic use, and no change in emergent colectomy rates.

An all-oral 6-month regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) was implemented in the United States to treat rifampin-resistant and rifampin-intolerant tuberculosis. All patients safely completed treatment using close monitoring, linezolid serum drug levels, and early management of adverse events.

This review describes the current state of care for periprosthetic joint infection, focusing on multidisciplinary collaboration, common diagnostic and management conundrums, and patient-focused decision-making.