
Contents
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Introduction to health of older people Introduction to health of older people
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Demographic projections related to population ageing Demographic projections related to population ageing
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Determinants of population ageing Determinants of population ageing
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Specific factors that further influence population ageing Specific factors that further influence population ageing
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Ageing and gender Ageing and gender
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Ageing among ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples Ageing among ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples
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Ageing among LGBTQ peoples Ageing among LGBTQ peoples
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Ageing in rural areas Ageing in rural areas
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Demographic and epidemiological transitions Demographic and epidemiological transitions
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Variations in life expectancy Variations in life expectancy
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Healthy life expectancy Healthy life expectancy
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Differential, usual, and successful ageing Differential, usual, and successful ageing
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Societal perceptions of ageing Societal perceptions of ageing
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Images and stereotypes related to ageing Images and stereotypes related to ageing
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Older people’s own perceptions of ageing Older people’s own perceptions of ageing
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Evolving concepts of later-life productivity and social contribution Evolving concepts of later-life productivity and social contribution
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Ageing-related concepts in health Ageing-related concepts in health
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Multimorbidity and polypharmacy Multimorbidity and polypharmacy
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Disability and function Disability and function
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Frailty Frailty
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Healthcare for older people Healthcare for older people
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Health promotion activities to support healthy ageing Health promotion activities to support healthy ageing
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Specific conditions predominantly affecting older people Specific conditions predominantly affecting older people
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Dementia Dementia
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Falls and osteoporosis Falls and osteoporosis
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Incontinence Incontinence
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Elder abuse and neglect Elder abuse and neglect
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Depression and anxiety Depression and anxiety
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Models of care to support older people Models of care to support older people
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Primary care for older people Primary care for older people
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Specialty care for older adults Specialty care for older adults
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Long-term institutional and community-based care Long-term institutional and community-based care
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Acute care for older people Acute care for older people
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Rehabilitative care and reablement services Rehabilitative care and reablement services
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The growing importance of unpaid caregivers and social support The growing importance of unpaid caregivers and social support
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Age-friendly cities and communities Age-friendly cities and communities
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Public health implications of population ageing Public health implications of population ageing
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Summary Summary
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References References
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10.8 Health of older people
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Published:November 2021
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Abstract
Declines in mortality and fertility have largely contributed to population ageing and an accompanying epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic diseases. Significant improvements in life expectancy have occurred overall, although these have not been equally distributed between socioeconomic groups or across countries. Ageing is associated with increased health and social care needs due to the increased risk and prevalence of chronic diseases, dementia, multimorbidity, and disability that demand different types of and approaches to care. Older people benefit from a wide range of preventive interventions that reduce morbidity earlier in life, and prevent disability later on, as well as gerontological and geriatric expertise related to the delivery of care, support, and services to meet their unique needs. This chapter considers the phenomenon of population ageing, the unique health needs of older people, and specific approaches to providing health and social care to them.
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