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Introduction Introduction
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In the beginning In the beginning
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The discovery and spread of HIV The discovery and spread of HIV
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The development of the HIV antibody test and HIV/AIDS surveillance The development of the HIV antibody test and HIV/AIDS surveillance
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Viral structure Viral structure
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Treating AIDS Treating AIDS
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Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV
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Preventing sexual transmission of HIV Preventing sexual transmission of HIV
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Male and female condoms Male and female condoms
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Sexually transmitted infections Sexually transmitted infections
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Medical male circumcision Medical male circumcision
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Use of antiretrovirals as PrEP for HIV prevention Use of antiretrovirals as PrEP for HIV prevention
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Treatment as prevention Treatment as prevention
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Modern technologies Modern technologies
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Injecting drug use Injecting drug use
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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8.13 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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Published:November 2021
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Abstract
This chapter traces the history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from its origins, remarkable scientific advances, and unprecedented global responses through to the current state of the epidemic, progress towards ending acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and remaining challenges. It explains the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2, the development of a surveillance system, and the viral structure. It outlines different antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV infections, and current drug research. The prevention of both mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission is outlined, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. The development of modern technologies and social media to help people living with HIV is covered. Programmes to modify behaviour and reduce risk from injecting drug use are explained.
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