
Contents
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Introduction to obesity Introduction to obesity
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Definitions of obesity Definitions of obesity
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Commonly used measures for population health Commonly used measures for population health
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Adults Adults
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Children Children
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Obesity as a disease Obesity as a disease
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Global trends in overweight and obesity Global trends in overweight and obesity
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Trends in the prevalence in obesity Trends in the prevalence in obesity
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Childhood obesity Childhood obesity
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Age and social disparities Age and social disparities
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Future prospects Future prospects
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The social and health costs of overweight and obesity The social and health costs of overweight and obesity
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Language of ‘cost’ Language of ‘cost’
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Adverse health outcomes Adverse health outcomes
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Estimated costs and burden of disease Estimated costs and burden of disease
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The double burden of nutrition The double burden of nutrition
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Causes of overweight and obesity Causes of overweight and obesity
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A complex system of determinants A complex system of determinants
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The obesity epidemic The obesity epidemic
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Causes of causes Causes of causes
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Diet and physical activity Diet and physical activity
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Genes and biology Genes and biology
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Obesity in a ‘syndemic’ of epidemics Obesity in a ‘syndemic’ of epidemics
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Prevention of overweight and obesity Prevention of overweight and obesity
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Current recommendations for a public health approach to obesity Current recommendations for a public health approach to obesity
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Evidence of impact Evidence of impact
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
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References References
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Cite
Abstract
Overweight and obesity is a rapidly increasing global problem, impacting population health and healthcare systems. The World Health Organization prioritized the need to tackle obesity in its 2012 Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013–2020 followed by its establishment of a Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity in 2015. This chapter analyses the problem of obesity from a public health perspective. It begins by considering definitions of overweight and obesity for adults and children, including the designation of obesity as a disease by many national and international organizations. It then describes the global trends for overweight and obesity, noting the disparities that exist in these trends and considering future projections. The fourth section discusses the financial and social consequences of overweight and obesity, and the fifth section explores in detail the many interacting causes of overweight and obesity. Finally, public health solutions to the global obesity problem are explored, highlighting the roles of the various potential contributors including civil society, commercial operators, and government at all levels.
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