
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Background Background
-
Individual Expertise Individual Expertise
-
Multilevel Expertise: A Simple Example Multilevel Expertise: A Simple Example
-
-
Multilevel Theorizing Multilevel Theorizing
-
Multilevel Expertise Reflected in Relationships Multilevel Expertise Reflected in Relationships
-
Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Commensalist Cooperative Relations Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Commensalist Cooperative Relations
-
Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Commensalist Competitive Relations Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Commensalist Competitive Relations
-
Competition across collectives Competition across collectives
-
Competition within collectives Competition within collectives
-
Competitive relations fostering collective expertise Competitive relations fostering collective expertise
-
-
Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Symbiotic Relations Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Symbiotic Relations
-
Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Parasitic Relations Multilevel Expertise Grounded In Parasitic Relations
-
-
Advancing the Study of Expertise Advancing the Study of Expertise
-
The Importance Of Configuration The Importance Of Configuration
-
Multilevel Expertise At Other Levels Multilevel Expertise At Other Levels
-
-
Measurement and Analysis Measurement and Analysis
-
Conclusion Conclusion
-
References References
-
-
-
-
13 Conceptualizing Multilevel Expertise
Get access-
Published:June 2016
Cite
Abstract
This chapter conceptualizes expertise as a multilevel concept that applies not only to individuals, but also the collective in which individuals practice expertise and the interactions between individual and collective expertise. The perspective draws on Kozlowski and Klein’s (2000) model of how compositional and compilation processes facilitate the emergence of collective phenomena from individual traits, behaviors, and attitudes, and how the collective level exerts influence back down on individual-level phenomena. Thus, expertise is embedded in individuals, relations among those individuals, and systems under which those relations are enacted. Research in the biological sciences is presented to demonstrate how collective and multilevel expertise emerges from complex patterns of relationships in nature. Additionally, community ecology theory is used to examine four types of relationships from which collective expertise emerges: commensalist cooperative, commensalist competitive, symbiotic and parasitic. The chapter concludes by discussing methods that can be employed to study multilevel expertise.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
October 2022 | 1 |
November 2022 | 2 |
April 2023 | 1 |
July 2023 | 2 |
August 2023 | 2 |
September 2023 | 3 |
October 2023 | 4 |
February 2024 | 1 |
March 2024 | 3 |
June 2024 | 4 |
July 2024 | 5 |
August 2024 | 4 |
November 2024 | 2 |
December 2024 | 3 |
January 2025 | 2 |
April 2025 | 2 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.