
Contents
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1. Introduction 1. Introduction
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2. Background to the Violence 2. Background to the Violence
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3. Perpetrators and Victims 3. Perpetrators and Victims
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4. The 1965–1966 Killings as Crimes against Humanity 4. The 1965–1966 Killings as Crimes against Humanity
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4.1. Murder 4.1. Murder
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4.2. Extermination 4.2. Extermination
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4.3. Enslavement 4.3. Enslavement
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4.4. Deportation 4.4. Deportation
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4.5. Imprisonment 4.5. Imprisonment
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4.6. Torture 4.6. Torture
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4.7. Sexual violence 4.7. Sexual violence
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4.8. Persecution 4.8. Persecution
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4.9. Enforced disappearances 4.9. Enforced disappearances
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5. Civil Society’s Push for Redress 5. Civil Society’s Push for Redress
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6. Conclusion 6. Conclusion
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References References
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34 Crimes against Humanity in Indonesia (1965–1966)
Get accessJess Melvin is Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) Fellow in the Department of History, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry (SOPHI), at the University of Sydney, Australia. She is the author of The Army and the Indonesian Genocide: Mechanics of Mass Murder (2018). Her research interests include the legacies of the Cold War in Southeast Asia, the Indonesian military, and political violence.
Annie Pohlman is Senior Lecturer in Indonesian at The University of Queensland, Australia. She is the author of Women, Sexual Violence, and the Indonesian Killings of 1965–66 (Routledge, 2015) and the co-editor of three volumes on mass atrocities in Asia. Her research interests include Indonesian history, gendered experiences of mass violence, torture, and life narrative.
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Published:18 March 2022
Cite
Abstract
This chapter provides a case study of crimes against humanity committed in Indonesia in 1965–1966. In October 1965, the Indonesian military took over the government and mobilized national and religious militias to assist in wiping out the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). Up to one million people were killed, and a further one-and-a-half million were rounded up and held in detention camps for their alleged Communist affiliations. The military-led government fell in 1998, and in the two decades since, there has been little political will to investigate or redress the crimes committed in 1965–66, or the other cases of state-led atrocities by Indonesia’s military. In 2012, the Indonesian National Commission for Human Rights released a landmark report into atrocity crimes perpetrated during the 1965–66 period, finding strong evidence of crimes against humanity, the results of which are outlined in this chapter. This report has been buried, just as Indonesia’s government is determined to bury the past.
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