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Book cover for The Oxford Handbook of International Cultural Heritage Law The Oxford Handbook of International Cultural Heritage Law
Francesco Francioni (ed.), Ana Filipa Vrdoljak (ed.)
https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198859871.001.0001
Published online:
08 October 2020
Published in print:
23 July 2020
Online ISBN:
9780191892295
Print ISBN:
9780198859871

Contents

Book cover for The Oxford Handbook of International Cultural Heritage Law The Oxford Handbook of International Cultural Heritage Law
Front Matter

Table of Legislation

https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198859871.002.0007
Pages
xxxix–lxii
  • Published:
    July 2020
Subject
Law
Series
Oxford Handbooks
Collection: Oxford Handbooks Online, Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law

International and Regional Instruments

African Union

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 1981 (Banjul Charter)
 606
Art 22(1)
 366, 389
Art 29
 365
African Convention on Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (revised) 2003
 286
Charter for African Cultural Renaissance 2014 recital 1
 366
Art 10(2)
 366
Art 11(2)
 366
Cultural Charter for Africa 1976
 382

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response 2005
Arts 5 to 8
 161
Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2007 (ASEAN Charter) recital 3
 368
Art 1(9)
 368
Art 14
 368
Declaration on Cultural Heritage 2000
 858
s 1
 857
s 10(6)(b)
 857

Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

Agreement establishing the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency 2008
Art XIX
 161

Council of Europe

Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters 1959
 556, 696
Convention on Offences relating to Cultural Property 2017 (Nicosia Convention)
 605, 614, 913
Art 10(1)
 80, 94
Art 12
 608
Art 21
 609
Art 23(5)
 775
Art 24(2)
 775
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 1979 (Berne Convention)
 276, 289
Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage 1992 (Valletta Convention)
 245, 277, 289, 298, 913, 914
Art 2
 277
Art 2(i)
 278
Art 2(ii)
 278
Art 3(b)
 915
Arts 5 and 6
 915
Art 9
 915
Convention on the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe 1985 (Granada Convention)
 160, 277, 289, 913, 914, 915, 916
Art 1(3)
 277
Art 7
 277
Arts 10 to 13
 277
Art 14
 916
European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages 1992
 913
Preamble
 377
Art 12
 377, 378
European Convention for the Protection of the Audiovisual Heritage 2001
 913
— Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of the Audiovisual Heritage, on the Protection of Television Productions 2001
 913
European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (ECHR)
 606, 657, 672, 912, 915, 918, 921, 928, 929
Art 8
 919, 920
Art 9
 672, 919
Art 10
 919, 920, 921
Art 10(2)
 920
Art 11
 672, 919
Art 12
 919
Art 35
 672
Protocol 1, Art 1
 671, 672, 920
Protocol.1, Art 2
 920
Protocol 16
 912
European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage 1969 (London Convention)
 245, 277, 913, 914
European Cultural Convention 1954
 910
Art 2
 913
Art 4
 913
Art 5
 914
Art 8(1)
 912
European Landscape Convention 2000
 272, 278, 287–93, 366, 913, 917, 918, 921
Preamble
 288, 290, 915
Art 1(a)
 288, 915
Art 1(c)
 916
Art 2
 289
Art 3
 289
Art 5(a)
 289
Art 5(b)
 289
Art 5(c)
 289, 290
Art 5(d)
 289
Art 6
 289
Art 6(C to D)
 916
Art 6(d)
 290
— Protocol Amending the European Landscape Convention 2016
Art 2
 292
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 1995 (FCNM)
 913, 915
Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society 2005 (Faro Convention)
 7, 11, 361, 781, 912, 914, 915, 916, 918, 920, 921, 923, 930
recital 5
 366
Art 1
 365, 382
Art 1(c)
 366
Art 2
 462
Art 2(3)
 365
Art 2(a)
 362, 763, 917
Art 2(b)
 367, 763, 917
Art 4
 365, 917
Art 7(b)
 917
Art 11
 367
Art 12
 367, 382
Art 12(a)
 917
Art 17
 915
Statute of the Council of Europe 1949 (Treaty of London)
 909
Art 1(a)
 911
Art 1(b)
 911
Art 1(c)
 912
Arts 3 and 4
 910, 914

European Union

Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters 1968
 716
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 2016 (CFR)
Art 22
 928, 929
Art 51
 923
Art 52.5
 923
Art 52(7)
 929
Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community 1951
 909
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community 2007
 922
Treaty of Rome 1957 (EEC Treaty)
 921, 922
Art 237
 910
Treaty on European Union 2007 (TEU)
 910, 932
Art 2
 910
Art 3.3
 922
Art 3(3)
 924, 929
Art 6.1
 921
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 2007 (TFEU)
Art 207.4(a)
 923
Art 21
 693
Art 216
 923
Art 220
 923
Art 28
 693
Art 292
 925
Art 34
 522
Art 35
 522
Art 36
 522, 672, 921
Art 107
 925
Art 107.3(d)
 922
Art 107(3)(d)
 925
Art 167
 926, 927, 929, 930
Art 167(1)
 922
Art 167(2)
 922
Art 167(3)
 923, 928
Art 167(4)
 924, 929
Art 167(5)
 924
Council Regulation (EEC) No 3911/92 of 9 December 1992 on the export of cultural goods
 522
Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I Regulation)
 716
Council Regulation (EC) 1210/2003 of 7 July 2003 concerning certain specific restrictions on economic and financial relations with Iraq and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2465/96
 926
Art 3
 224
Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II)
Art 16
 713
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) OJ L 177, 4.7.2008, p. 6–16
Art 4(1)(b)
 697
Art 9(2)
 713
Council Regulation (EC) 116/2009 of 18 December 2008 on the export of cultural goods
 213, 218, 245, 802, 846
Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I recast)
Art 6(1)
 693
Art 7(4)
 691
Regulation (EU) No 1295/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing the Creative Europe Programme (2014 to 2020) and repealing Decisions No 1718/2006/EC, No 1855/2006/EC and No 1041/2009/EC
 926
Council Regulation (EU) 1332/2013 of 13 December 2013 amending Regulation (EU) 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria
Art 4
 224
Commission Regulation (EU) 651/2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of arts 107 and 108 of the Treaty
 926
Council Directive 93/7/EEC of 15 March 1993 on the return of cultural objects unlawfully removed from the territory of a Member State
 692, 705
Directive 2001/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art
 700, 926
Directive 2014/52/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
 924
Directive 2014/60/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the return of cultural objects unlawfully removed from the territory of a Member State and amending Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012 (Recast)
 213, 217, 245, 522, 579, 706, 773, 804, 806, 807, 846, 926
Art 2(2)(b)
 584
Art 10
 806
Directive (EU) 2018/843 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive (EU) 2015/849 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, and amending Directives 2009/138/EC and 2013/36/EU (Fifth Money Laundering Directive)
 776
Decision No 1313/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Union Civil Protection Mechanism
Art 4(1)
 168
Art 4(6)
 167
Art 5
 161
Decision (EU) No 2019/420 of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Decision No 1313/2013/EU
Arts 5 and 6
 161

Geneva Conventions

Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949 (Geneva Convention IV)
 104, 117, 136, 179, 629
Art 1
 635
Art 3
 613, 765
Art 3(1)
 62
Art 27
 62
Art 33
 52, 58, 103
Art 53
 52, 56, 536
Art 64
 52
Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War 1949 (Geneva Convention III)
 629
Art 1
 635
Art 3
 613, 765
Art 3(1)
 62
Art 13
 62
— Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts 1977 (AP I)
 53, 64, 73, 103, 179
Pt V, s II
 612, 635
Art 1(3)
 50
Art 1(4)
 50
Art 38(1)
 51, 65
Art 49(1)
 53
Art 51(2)
 62
Art 51(3)
 62
Art 51(4)
 51, 55
Art 51(5)(b)
 51, 55
Art 52
 536, 630
Art 52(1)
 51
Art 52(2)
 51, 54, 64
Art 53
 50, 51, 53, 56, 64, 80, 612, 613, 614, 625, 630
Art 53(a)
 64, 65
Art 53(b)
 65
Art 53(c)
 53, 631
Art 57
 51
Art 57(2)(a)(i)
 54
Art 57(2)(a)(ii)
 55
Art 57(2)(a)(iii)
 55
Art 57(2)(b)
 54, 55
Art 58
 51
Art 58(a)
 58, 770
Art 58(c)
 57, 58
Art 59
 129
Art 60
 129
Art 75
 62
Art 80
 66
Art 83
 66
Art 85(4)(d)
 68, 80, 104, 107
Art 91(1)
 612
— Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts 1977 (AP II)
 53, 64, 103
Art 1(1)
 50, 765
Art 6(5)
 180
Art 7(1)(i)
 51
Art 13(2)
 62
Art 13(3)
 62
Art 16
 50, 51, 54, 56, 64, 65, 80, 104, 612, 613, 614, 625
Art 91
 186

Hague Conventions

Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, and Annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land and Regulations 1899 (Hague II)
 14, 80, 451
— Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, annexed to Convention concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land 1899 (1899 Hague Regulations)
 102, 451, 701
Art 23(g)
 52
Art 27
 51, 80, 764
Art 28
 52
Art 43
 52
Art 47
 52
Art 56
 51
Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, and Annex 1907 (Hague IV)
 14, 80, 451, 591
Art 56
 177
— Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, annexed to Convention concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land 1907 (1907 Hague Regulations)
 102, 104, 105, 106, 451, 701
Art 5
 51
Art 21
 65
Art 23(g)
 52, 56, 58
Art 27
 80, 591, 764
Art 28
 52, 58
Art 42
 47
Art 43
 52, 59
Art 46
 538
Art 47
 52, 58, 538
Art 55
 536
Art 56
 56, 58, 591
Art 58
 58
Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War 1907 (Hague IX)
 51
Art 5
 80

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States 1965 (ICSID Convention)
 675
Art 46
 504

International Labour Organization (ILO)

Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries 1989 (ILO Convention 169)
 493, 494, 496–7, 499
recital 6
 343
Art 1
 343
Art 2
 363
Art 4
 344
Art 4(1)
 343
Art 5
 363
Art 7(3)
 344
Art 7(4)
 344
Art 8
 363
Art 12
 410
Art 13
 344, 420
Art 15
 420, 497
Art 16
 420
Art 22
 363
Art 23
 363
Art 28
 363
Art 28(3)
 410
Art 31
 363
Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention 1957 (ILO Convention 107)
 410

League of Nations

International Act concerning Intellectual Co-operation 1938
 25
Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria together with Protocol and Declarations 1919 (Treaty of Saint-Germain)
Pt VIII, s II, Annexes I to IV
 590
Art 184
 71
Art 191
 71
Art 196
 590
Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Bulgaria 1919 (Treaty of Neuilly)
Art 126
 71
Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany 1919 (Treaty of Versailles)
 16
Art 245
 71
Art 247
 72, 171
Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary 1920 (Treaty of Trianon)
Art 168
 71
Art 175
 71
Arts 177 and 178
 171
Treaty of Peace with Turkey 1920 (Treaty of Sèvres)
 19
Arts 144 to 147
 171
Art 422
 71
Treaty of Riga 1921
Art 11
 590

Organization of American States (OAS)

American Convention on Human Rights 1969
 189, 367, 492, 493, 494, 606, 651
Art 21
 422
Charter of the Organization of American States 1948 (OAS Charter)
Art 48
 893, 894
Arts 93 to 98
 893
— Protocol of Amendment to the Charter of the Organization of American States 1970 (Protocol of Buenos Aires)
 893
— Protocol of Amendments to the Charter of the Organization of American States 1993 (Protocol of Managua)
 893
— Protocol of Amendments to the Charter of the Organisation of American States 1988 (Protocol of Cartagena de Indias)
 893
Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological, Historical, and Artistic Heritage of the American Nations (Convention of San Salvador) 1976
 382, 884, 903, 905, 906
Art 2
 367, 904
Art 3
 904
Art 7
 904
Arts 10 to 15
 904
Art 14
 904
Art 16
 904
Art 18
 904
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women 1994 (Convention of Belém do Pará)
 493, 494

Pan-American Union

Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments 1935 (Roerich Pact)
 45, 103, 884, 903
Art I
 902
Art III
 902

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Agreement on Rapid Response to Natural Disasters 2011
Art 4
 161

Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Protocol on Trade in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Region 1996
Art 9(f)
 523

United Nations

Charter of the International Military Tribunal—Annex to the Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of the Major War Criminals of the European Axis 1945 (Nuremberg Charter)
 135
Art 6
 83, 102
Art 6(c)
 110
Charter of the United Nations 1945 (UN Charter)
Chapter VII
 93, 98, 538, 637, 740
Art 1(3)
 592, 737
Art 2(4)
 68, 541, 583
Art 13(1b)
 737
Art 42
 93
Art 55
 737
Art 56
 492
Art 57(1)
 737
Art 73a
 737
Art 103
 492
Art 105
 745
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1985 (UN Convention against Torture – UNCAT)
 418
Art 14
 186
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime 2000 (UNTOC – Palermo Convention)
 238, 239
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters 1998 (Aarhus Convention)
 11, 268, 290, 291, 547
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 (CBD)
 289, 340–1, 547, 795, 900, 901
recital 7
 340
recital 20
 340
Art 8
 341
Art 8(j)
 286, 341, 363, 364, 499, 562
Art 10
 341
Art 16
 335
— Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2014
 341
Art 5(2)
 562
Art 5(5)
 562
Art 6(2)
 562
Art 7
 562
Art 12
 562
Art 16
 562
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973 (CITES)
 339, 795
Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property 2004 (UNCSI)
 558–80
Pt IV
 571
Art 2(c)
 553
Art 3(1)(a)
 572
Art 6(1)
 558
Art 6(2)(a)
 558
Art 6(2)(b)
 558
Art 8(2)(b)
 558
Art 10
 553
Art 12
 560
Art 13(a)
 559
Art 13(b)
 559
Art 13(c)
 560
Art 14
 561
Art 14(a)
 561
Art 14(b)
 561
Arts 18 to 21
 574
Art 18
 569
Art 19(c)
 571
Art 21
 574
Art 21(1)
 570, 571
Art 21(1)(a)
 572
Art 21(1)(d)
 570, 638
Art 21(1)(e)
 570, 638
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects 1980 (CCWC)
 51
— Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices 1980
Art 6(1)(b)(ix)
 51
— Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices 1996
Art 7(1)(i)
 51
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1979 (CMS – Bonn Convention)
Art III(5)(c)
 340
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 1979 (CEDAW)
 418, 457
Art 5
 440, 453
Art 5(a)
 404, 440
Art 10
 398
Art 13
 390
Art 13(c)
 438, 440
Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 1965 (ICERD)
Art 5
 390
Art 5(e)(vi)
 436
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948 (Genocide Convention)
 28, 81, 117, 119, 131, 132, 137, 138, 141, 143, 144, 535, 653, 674
Art II
 112, 115, 116, 534
Art II(C)
 565, 566
Art III(c)
 180
Art IX
 637
Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade 1998 (Rotterdam Convention)
 547
Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and Their Families 1990 (ICRMW)
Art 12
 397
Art 13
 397
Art 30
 398
Art 43
 390
Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC)
Art 29(c)
 418
Art 29(d)
 418
Art 30
 418
Art 31
 390
Convention on the Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and the Occupation 1952 (Convention on Settlement)
Arts 1 to 4
 71
Art 1(4)
 47
Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa 1994 (UNCCD)
 364
Preamble
 342
Art 17(1)(c)
 342
Art 18(02)
 342
Art 18(10)
 342
Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992 (FCCC)
 341–2
International Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance for the Prevention, Investigation and Repression of Customs Offences 1977 (Nairobi Convention)
 244, 245
Annex XI
 245
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1965 (ICERD)
Art 6
 186
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 1990 (ICRMW)
 418
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 (ICCPR)
 389, 605, 915
Art 1
 398, 399, 400, 416
Art 1(1)
 503
Art 1(2)
 503
Art 2
 186
Art 4(2)
 396
Art 18
 397
Art 18(3)
 405
Art 19
 397
Art 19(3)
 405
Art 21
 405
Art 27
 87, 376, 377, 395, 396, 399, 400, 402, 416, 417, 418, 435, 436, 643, 916
Pt IV (Arts 28 to 45)
 389
Art 41
 389
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 (ICESCR)
 389, 605
Art 1
 398, 399, 400
Art 1(1)
 503
Art 1(2)
 503
Art 1(3)
 438
Art 2(2)
 438, 439
Art 2(3)
 438
Art 3
 438
Art 4
 405
Art 13
 398, 435
Art 14
 398, 435
Art 15
 9, 361, 433, 643, 763, 920
Art 15(1)(a)
 88, 390, 391, 400, 417, 434, 435, 436, 439, 441
Art 15.1(a)
 916, 917
Art 15(1)(b)
 435
Art 15(1)(c)
 435
Art 15(2)
 394
Art 55
 438
Optional Protocol
 389
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2001 (IT PGRFA)
Art 9(1)
 342
Art 9(2)
 342
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998 (Rome Statute)
 106, 109
Art 6
 116
Art 7(1)(d)
 139
Art 7(1)(h)
 81, 112, 139
Art 7(2)(g)
 87, 112, 139
Art 8(2)(a)(iv)
 630
Art 8(2)(b)(ix)
 54, 81, 105, 614
Art 8(2)(b)(xiii)
 56, 58
Art 8(2)(b)(xvi)
 58
Art 8(2)(c)
 81
Art 8(2)(e)(iv)
 54, 81, 105, 614, 675
Art 8(2)(e)(v)
 58
Art 8(2)(e)(xii)
 56, 58
Art 8(2)(f)
 48
Art 8(a)(ix)
 643
Art 8(e)(iv)
 643
Art 11
 95
Art 12
 95
Art 23(5)(e)
 180
Art 25(4)
 97, 615
Art 38(1)(d)
 427
Art 68
 186
Art 75
 186
Art 75(2)
 73
Statute of the International Court of Justice 1945 (ICJ Statute)
Art 38
 493, 540
Art 38(1)(c)
 541
Art 38(1)(d)
 524
Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 1994 (ICTR Statute)
Art 2
 116
Art 3(h)
 111
Statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 1993 (ICTY Statute)
 136
Art 2(d)
 630
Art 3(b)
 630
Art 3(d)
 80, 104, 105, 107, 108, 112, 269, 656, 674
Art 4
 116
Art 4(2)
 116
Art 5(h)
 83, 111, 113
Treaty of Peace with Bulgaria 1947
Art 22(1)
 71
Art 22(3)
 71
Treaty of Peace with Finland 1947
Art 24
 71
Treaty of Peace with Hungary 1947
Art 24(1)
 71
Art 24(3)
 71
Treaty of Peace with Italy 1947
Art 37
 72
Art 75(1)
 71
Art 75(9)
 71
Art 12(1)
 72
Art 12(3)
 72
Annex XIV, Art 1
 591
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS)
 304–5, 306
Art 149
 298–9, 304
Art 303
 298–9, 304, 310
Art 303(3)
 309
Art 303(4)
 305
Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of State Property, Archives and Debts 1983 (VCSSP)
 585, 594
Art 2(b)
 587
Art 3
 583
Art 8
 588
Art 28(7)
 590
Art 30(3)
 590
Art 31(4)
 590
Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties 1978 (VCSST)
 585
Art 6
 583
Art 16
 598
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 (VCLT)
Preamble
 492, 506
Art 18(b)
 558, 575
Art 30
 501
Art 31
 391, 613
Art 31(1)
 519, 520, 524
Art 31(3)
 520
Art 31(3)(c)
 52, 489, 492, 493, 494, 502, 503, 520, 524, 525, 920
Art 32
 525
Art 53
 503

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials 1950 (Florence Agreement)
 197
— Protocol to the Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific or Cultural Materials 1976 (Nairobi Protocol)
 197
Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage 2003
 401
Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 (World Heritage Convention)
 6, 8, 10, 11, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 107, 148, 156, 197, 250–71, 272, 278–9, 285, 289, 293, 319, 329–30, 331, 347, 348, 350, 362, 363, 384, 418, 419, 432, 450, 451, 452, 455, 526, 532, 543, 546, 592, 606, 635, 642, 747, 750–4, 776–81, 786, 825, 828, 832, 836, 854, 856, 862, 863, 866, 874, 882, 883, 884, 886, 894, 960, 977–9
recital 4
 174
recital 5
 174
recital 6
 174
recital 7
 267
Art 1
 5, 146, 151, 240, 251, 254, 256, 257, 263, 280, 668
Art 2
 5, 146, 151, 251, 258, 259, 263, 285
Art 3
 252, 259
Art 4
 150, 151, 152, 155, 259, 260, 487, 610, 619, 625, 634, 777
Art 5
 150, 151, 152, 155, 259, 634, 777
Art 5(a)(e)
 777
Art 6
 259, 534, 634
Art 6(1)
 262
Pt III (Arts 8 to 10)
 383
Art 8
 251
Art 8(1)
 258
Art 8(2)
 258
Art 8(3)
 255, 258, 779
Art 10(2)
 779
Art 10(3)
 779
Art 11
 149, 150, 255, 261, 264, 634
Art 11(1)
 258
Art 11(2)
 260, 263
Art 11(3)
 259, 260
Art 11(4)
 163, 174, 261, 262
Art 11(5)
 260
Art 13(7)
 780
Art 13(d)(ii)
 285
Art 14(c)
 285
Art 15
 267
Art 15(3)(b)(iii)
 780
Art 16
 267
Art 16(1)
 267
Art 16(2)
 267
Art 16(5)
 267
Art 17
 780
Arts 19 to 26
 267
Arts 19 to 28
 258
Art 21
 149, 150, 163
Art 22
 149, 163
Art 27
 386, 779
Art 29
 252, 265, 270, 383, 625
Art 29(1)
 265
Art 29(2)
 265
Art 29(3)
 265, 266
Art 34
 617
Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1954 (1954 Hague Convention)
 4, 6, 12, 28, 29, 30, 43, 44, 46–9, 50, 60, 64, 68, 70, 72, 102, 105, 108, 117, 127, 141, 179, 230, 231, 239, 250, 251, 253, 329, 348, 379, 387, 431, 450, 451, 453, 509, 532, 536, 539, 589, 598, 602, 608, 609, 612–3, 614, 642, 747, 749, 768–71, 784, 786, 795, 802, 822, 823, 825, 836, 862, 874, 884, 903, 933, 965
Preamble
 9, 28, 43, 55, 174
recital 2
 28, 43, 74, 542
recital 3
 28
Chapter I
 48
Chapter II
 48
Chapter III
 48
Chapter IV
 49
Arts 1 to 4
 233, 238
Art 1
 46, 51, 53, 103, 571
Art 1(a)
 47
Art 1(b)
 47
Art 1(c)
 47
Art 3
 48, 57, 60, 148, 767
Art 4
 47
Art 4(1)
 54, 56, 64, 67, 104
Art 4(2)
 54, 56, 67, 630
Art 4(3)
 58, 67
Art 4(4)
 53, 631
Art 4(5)
 60
Art 5(2)
 59
Art 6
 48, 65
Art 7
 48, 610
Art 7(1)
 66
Art 7(2)
 61
Arts 8 to 14
 142
Art 8(1)(a)
 48
Art 8(4)
 57
Art 8(5)
 48
Art 9
 48
Art 10
 65
Art 11
 48
Art 12
 58
Art 12(3)
 54
Art 13
 58
Art 14(1)(a)
 58
Art 15
 61, 62
Art 16
 65, 247, 902
Art 16(2)
 65
Art 17(1)(a)
 65
Art 17(2)(a)
 65
Art 17(3)
 65
Art 17(4)
 65
Art 18(1)
 47, 48
Art 18(2)
 47
Art 18(3)
 48
Art 19
 613
Art 19(1)
 48, 765
Art 19(2)
 766
Art 19(3)
 69, 766
Art 20
 46, 69
Art 22
 613
Art 23
 142, 769
Art 23(1)
 69, 766
Art 23(2)
 69
Art 24
 129
Art 25
 66
Art 26(2)
 69
Art 27
 69
Art 28
 66, 67, 177, 609
Art 33
 934
Art 36
 902
Regs Chapter II
 48
Regs Chapter III
 48
Regs Chapter IV
 49
— Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1954 (First Hague Protocol)
 29, 35, 46–9, 53, 105, 127, 230, 231, 233, 387, 509, 539, 592, 608, 768, 795, 822, 823, 884, 933
para 1
 46, 60
para 1(3)
 645
para 3
 189
para 5
 58
para 10
 934
— Second Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999 (Second Hague Protocol)
 46–9, 53, 62–4, 65, 69, 72, 105, 177, 233, 509, 605, 747–8, 768, 795, 822, 823, 884, 933
Chapter 3
 56
Chapter 6
 69
Art 1(b)
 46
Art 1(f)
 54
Art 1(g)
 60
Art 2
 49, 613
Art 2(a)
 64
Art 2(b)
 64
Art 3(1)
 48
Art 3(2)
 766
Art 4
 49
Art 5
 48, 57, 60, 74, 148, 764, 766, 767
Art 6
 630, 631
Art 6(a)
 54
Art 6(b)
 56
Art 6(c)
 55, 56
Art 7(a)
 54
Art 7(b)
 55
Art 7(c)
 55
Art 7(d)(i)
 54
Art 7(d)(ii)
 55
Art 8
 57, 766
Art 8(a)
 58
Art 8(b)
 58
Art 9(1)(a)
 60
Art 9(1)(b)
 62, 63
Art 9(1)(c)
 63
Art 9(2)
 63
Art 10
 29, 49
Art 10(a)
 56
Art 10(b)
 74
Art 10(c)
 49
Art 11
 49
Art 11(10)
 49
Art 11(3)
 69
Art 12
 63, 64
Art 13(1)(b)
 64
Art 13(1)(c)
 64
Art 14
 49
Arts 15 to 20
 67
Art 15
 106, 608, 609
Art 15(1)
 67, 179
Art 15(1)(a) to (e)
 67
Art 15(1)(c)
 80
Art 15(1)(e)
 766
Art 15(2)
 178, 608
Art 16
 80, 94
Art 16(01)
 178
Art 16(10)(c)
 178
Art 17
 80, 178
Art 18
 80, 178
Art 21
 67, 178, 230, 231, 822
Art 21(a) and (b)
 67
Art 22
 765
Art 22(1)
 48
Art 23
 69
Art 23(3)(b)
 49
Arts 24 to 27
 69
Art 27(1)(a)
 49
Art 27(3)
 69, 70, 768
Art 29
 69, 148
Art 29(4)(iii) and (iv)
 770
Art 30(1)
 66, 770
Art 30(3)(a)
 66
Art 30(3)(b)
 66
Art 32(1) to (3)
 69
Art 32(2)
 766
Art 32(4)
 68
Art 33(1)
 69, 148
Art 33(2)
 68, 148
Art 33(3)
 69
Art 37(2)
 70
Art 38
 608, 611, 613
Arts 40 to 42
 49
Art 43(1)
 934
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003 (Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention)
 6, 9, 10, 11, 37, 38, 157, 160, 161, 175, 250, 334–5, 348, 349–76, 384, 418, 419, 431, 450, 452, 453, 509, 532, 543, 561, 562, 642, 650, 747, 756–8, 781–5, 786, 795, 802, 827, 828, 829, 836, 842, 863, 872, 874, 882, 883, 884, 891, 901, 917
Preamble
 334
recital 1
 348, 366
recital 2
 348, 366
recital 4
 369
recital 7
 174
recital 13
 174
recital 18
 828
Pt I (Arts 1 to 3)
 351
Art 1
 5, 77, 384, 855, 856
Art 1(a)
 372
Art 1(b)
 561
Art 2
 5, 37, 77, 86, 371, 372, 384, 419, 825
Art 2(1)
 351, 362, 385, 403, 453, 461, 561, 756, 781
Art 2(2)
 37, 461, 767
Art 2(2)(a)
 371
Art 2(a)
 385
Art 2(d)
 334
Pt II (Arts 4 to 10)
 351, 383
Art 7
 358, 455
Art 8(4)
 357, 784
Pt III (Arts 11 to 15)
 351
Art 11
 7, 386, 561, 610
Art 11(b)
 356, 362, 781
Art 12(1)
 561
Art 13(a)
 782
Art 13(d)(i)(ii)
 782
Art 14
 386, 783
Art 15
 352, 356, 362, 782
Pt IV (Arts 16 to 18)
 351
Art 16
 352
Art 17
 352, 354, 783
Art 18
 352, 783
Pt V (Arts 19 to 24)
 351
Art 23(1)
 561
Pt VI (Arts 25 to 28)
 351
Art 25(3)(c)(iii)
 784
Art 26(1)
 829
Pt VII (Arts 29 and 30)
 351
Art 29
 383
Pt VIII (Art 31))
 351
Art 35
 617
Pt IX (Arts 32 to 38)
 351
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1970 (1970 UNESCO Convention)
 4, 6, 10, 33, 35, 109, 197, 201, 211, 213, 214, 217, 219, 221, 222, 225, 226, 236, 239, 240, 244, 245, 250, 251, 253, 348, 387, 509, 510, 516–21, 525, 526, 527, 532, 578, 589, 592, 593, 595, 609, 623, 689, 706, 714, 717, 747, 771–3, 784, 786, 791, 792, 795, 796, 802, 803, 815, 822, 836, 839, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 850, 852, 856, 858, 859, 862, 874, 884, 897, 933, 937, 949, 950, 952, 956, 957, 965, 970–2, 977
Preamble
 34
recital 1
 34
recital 2
 34
recital 7
 174, 175
recital 8
 174
Art 1
 47, 216, 218, 220, 231, 510–7, 516, 572, 942, 966
Art 1(c)
 34
Art 2
 34, 547, 584
Art 2(1)
 511
Art 2(2)
 60, 511
Art 3
 60, 220, 223, 232, 233, 511, 584
Art 4
 216, 571
Art 4(a)
 942
Art 5
 821, 947
Art 5(a)
 511
Art 5(b)
 234, 238
Art 5(d)
 947
Art 6
 584, 952
Art 6(a)
 232, 511
Art 6(b)
 232, 843
Art 6(c)
 232
Art 7
 232, 584, 638, 727, 771, 962, 970
Art 7(b)
 34
Art 7(b)(i)
 511
Art 7b(i)
 772
Art 7(b)(i)
 843, 952
Art 7(b)(ii)
 234, 511, 557, 645, 668, 727
Art 9
 34, 220, 223, 232, 511, 548, 850, 954, 962, 970, 971
Art 10(a)
 949
Art 10(b)
 232
Art 11
 60, 233
Art 13
 962
Art 13(d)
 34
Art 14
 821
Art 15
 904, 905
Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2005 (Cultural Diversity Convention)
 9, 10, 38, 175, 376, 388, 403, 419, 507, 508, 543, 642, 785, 802, 825, 828, 829, 884, 920
Preamble
 38, 174
Art 1(c)
 420
Art 1(d)
 420
Art 1(g)
 38
Art 1(h)
 38
Art 2
 38, 420, 747, 758–9
Art 2(1)
 437
Art 4
 5, 240
Art 4(8)
 420
Art 5
 921, 924
Art 5(1)
 38
Art 6(2)(a)
 634
Art 7(1)
 785
Art 11
 785
Art 13
 336
Art 20(2)
 38
Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001 (2001 Underwater Cultural Heritage Convention)
 6, 301–17, 333–4, 348, 353, 384, 510, 532, 543, 634, 754–6, 795, 802, 823, 825, 836, 862, 875, 876, 882, 884, 960, 979
recital 1
 174
Art 1
 5, 510
Art 1(6)
 301
Art 1(8)
 310
Art 1(a)
 333
Art 2(3)
 633
Art 2(5)
 302, 314
Art 2(7)
 310, 979
Art 2(9)
 311, 315
Art 2(10)
 302
Art 3
 305
Art 4
 310
Art 5
 302
Art 7
 305, 310, 633
Art 7(3)
 311
Art 8
 310
Art 9
 307
Art 9(1)(b)
 306
Art 10
 307, 310
Art 10(7)
 311
Art 11
 307
Art 11(4)
 307
Art 12
 307, 310
Art 13
 307
Art 14
 309
Art 15
 309
Art 16
 308
Art 18
 610
Art 19(2)
 313
Art 20
 312, 313
Art 22
 314
Art 33
 303
Art 94
 204
Annex
 303, 304, 308, 313–4, 314, 315, 316, 334, 629
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat 1971 (Ramsar Convention)
 338–9
International Convention against Doping in Sport 2005 Preamble
 746
Protocol to the Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific or Cultural Materials 1976 (Nairobi Protocol)
 197
Universal Copyright Convention 1952
 197, 348, 358

UNIDROIT

Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects 1995 (1995 UNIDROIT Convention)
 35, 201, 217, 219, 222, 236, 237, 249, 387, 510, 532, 545, 578, 623, 747, 773–5, 786, 793, 795, 802, 803, 804, 806, 807, 823, 825, 836, 842, 843, 845, 850, 858, 884
Preamble
 34
recital 3
 647
Art 1
 4, 231, 856
Art 1(c)
 34
Art 2
 216
Art 3
 638, 645, 792, 803
Art 3(1)
 234
Art 3(2)
 216, 218, 221, 225, 226, 234, 711
Art 3(3)
 233
Art 3(7)
 234
Art 3(8)
 646
Art 4
 546, 804
Art 4(1)
 234, 773, 804
Art 4(4)
 804
Art 5
 645, 792, 803
Art 5(2)
 584
Art 5(3)(d)
 420
Art 6(2)
 806
Art 7(2)
 420
Art 7(b)
 34
Art 8
 557
Art 8(1)
 235, 238, 245
Art 8(2)
 680
Art 9
 34
Art 10(1)
 646
Art 10(2)
 646, 668
Art 10(3)
 646
Art 16
 557
Annex
 4

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886
 468
Art 15(4)(a)
 36
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 1967 (WIPO Convention)
 729
Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property 1883
 468
Patent Cooperation Treaty 1970 (PCT)
 473

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 1994 (TBT Agreement)
Art 2.1
 515
Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 1994 (TRIPS)
 469–70, 472
Art 8(a) and (b)
 360
Art 13
 479
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947 (GATT 1947)
 516, 524
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994)
 514–27
Art I
 515
Art I:1
 514, 515, 517, 521, 526
Art III
 515
Art XI
 519
Art XI:1
 514, 515, 517, 521, 522
Art XI:2
 514
Art XI:2(a)
 514
Art XX
 516, 517, 519, 521, 523, 524, 525
Art XX(b)
 517, 518
Art XX(f)
 515–6, 516, 517, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527
Art XX(g)
 519, 520
Annex 1C
 360

Other International, Regional and Bilateral Instruments

Agreement between Australia and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments 1991 (Australia–Vietnam BIT)
 527
Agreement between Thailand and Cambodia to Combat against Illicit Trafficking and Cross-Border Smuggling of Movable Cultural Property and to Restitute it to the Country of Origin 2000
 856
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and the Government of the Kingdom of Norway on the Promotion and Mutual Protection of Investments 1992 (Lithuania–Norway BIT)
Art IV
 525
Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Bolivia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments 1988 (UK–Bolivia BIT)
 493
Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears 1973
Art III
 338
Art III(1)
 365
Agreement to Amend the Singapore–Australia Free Trade Agreement 2016
 527
Free Trade Agreement between Canada and Peru 2008 (Canada–Peru Free Trade Agreement)
 495–7
French–Swiss Treaty 1869
 693
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling 1946
 337–8, 428
North American Free Trade Agreement 1992 (NAFTA)
Art 1105
 488–9, 525
North Pacific Fur Seal Interim Convention 1957
 364
Art VII
 338, 365
Protocol on the Termination of the Occupation Regime in the Federal Republic of Germany 1954
Sch IV
 71
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement 2016 (TPP)
 527
Treaty between Federal Republic of Germany and Poland on Good Neighbourly Relations and Friendly Cooperation 1991
 595
Treaty of Cooperation Between the United States of America and the United Mexican States Providing for the Recovery and Return of Stolen Archaeological, Historical and Cultural Properties 1970
 970
Art I
 970
Art III
 970
Treaty of Westphalia 1648
 170
Treaty on Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation between Italy and Libya 2008
 595
Vienna Treaty of Peace between Italy and Austria-Hungary 1866
Art XVIII
 590

National Legislation

Algeria

Law No 98-04 of 15 June 1989 on the Protection of the Cultural Heritage
 938, 942
art 3
 943
art 8
 943
arts 10 to 40
 946
arts 50 to 56
 946
art 51
 943
art 61
 944
art 62
 952
arts 70 to 76
 948
arts 91 to 105
 954
art 94
 955
Law No 90-30 of 1 December 1990 Executive Decree No 05-79 of 2005
 938
Executive Decree No 05-79 of 2005
 941
Executive Order No 06-155 of 11 May 2006
 950
Executive Order No 09-229 of June 2009
 950

Angola

Law on Author’s Rights 1990
art 4(f)
 826

Australia

Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 (Cth)
 297, 876
Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 (Cth)
s 7
 512
s 8
 512
s 10(6)(b)
 512
s 14(1)
 219
Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018 (Cth)
 876

Austria

Civil Code 1811
s 402
 701

Belgium

Judicial Code 2004
art 1412ter (1)
 579

Bolivia

Constitution 2009
art 289
 880
Law providing legal protection of its national folklore 1967
art 1
 826

Botswana

Monuments and Relics Act 1970
 830

Brazil

Decree No.3.551 (4 August 2000)
 881

Burkina Faso

Constitution 1991
 833
art 30
 813

Cambodia

Law on the Establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia for the Prosecution of Crimes Committed during the Democratic Kampuchea 2004
art 1
 117
art 7
 81, 117
art 9
 117, 119

Canada

Cultural Property Export and Import Act 1985
 965–7, 977
s 11
 966
s 37(2)
 219, 222
Customs Act 1985
 977
Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act 2012
 576
Manitoba Foreign Cultural Objects Immunity from Seizure Act 1976
 570
Safe Streets and Communities Act
Pt I
 576
State Immunity Act (SIA)
s 12(1)
 576
s 12(1)(d)
 576
s 16
 576

China

Law on Intangible Cultural Heritage 2011
 841
Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics 1982
 840
art 1
 841
art 63
 841
Penal Code
art 151
 840
art 264
 840
art 328
 840

Colombia

Constitution 1991
Title I, art 10
 193

Cook Islands

Constitution 1965
 877

Costa Rica

Constitution 1949
art 89
 880

Cyprus

Antiquities Law
 297
Constitution 1960
art 2(7)
 442

Denmark

Forest Reserve Act 1805
 274

Egypt

Ordinance of August 15, 1835 on Protective Measures for Antiquities
 203
Law No 117 of 1983 on Antiquities Protection
 209, 814, 816–7, 938, 942, 949, 974
art 1
 208
art 5
 204
art 6
 206, 208, 814, 944
art 7
 205, 814
art 8
 205, 814, 945, 946, 949
art 9
 952
arts 12 to 14
 946
arts 16a to 16m
 949
art 23
 944
art 26
 946
arts 31 to 38
 948
arts 40 to 47
 954
Law No 3 of 2010 Promulgating the Antiquities’ Protection Law
 938, 942

Equatorial Guinea

Constitution 1991
art 6
 813

Ethiopia

Constitution 1991
art 55(1)
 814, 815
Proclamation to Provide for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage 2000
 815
art 1
 814
art 3
 814
art 4
 814
art 14(1)
 814
art 14(2)
 814

Federated States of Micronesia

Chuuk Lagoon Monuments Act
 875
Historical Sites and Antiquities Act
 875

Finland

Act Prohibiting the Seizure of Certain Exhibition Items on Loan in Finland 2011
 579

France

Law of 12 August 1911 for the Conservation of the Beauty of Landscapes
 274
Constitution 1958
art 75-1
 374
Law No 2016–925 of 7 July 2016 on Creative Freedom, Architecture and Heritage
art 56
 58

Gabon

Law Instituting Protection for Copyright and Neighbouring Rights 1990
art 6
 826

Germany

Act on the Protection of Cultural Property (Cultural Property Protection Act) 2016
 219, 222
art 49(1)
 692

Ghana

Decree establishing the Ghana Museums and Monuments Board 1969
 830

Greece

Law 5351/32 ‘On Antiquities’ 1932
 203

Guatemala

Constitution 1985
art 61
 880

Guinea

Constitution 1990
art 19
 813

Indonesia

Act on the Protection of Cultural Property 1992
 852
Act on [Tangible] Cultural Heritage 2010
art 20
 852

Iran

Legal Bill 1979
 212

Iraq

Antiquities Law No 59 of 1936 and the amendments No 120 of 1974 and No 164 of 1975
art 3
 225
Law No 55 of 2002 for the Antiquities & Heritage of Iraq
 938, 942
art 5(1)
 946
art 10
 944
art 12
 944
art 22(3)
 949
arts 29 to 36
 948
art 35(1)
 949
art 38
 955
art 38 to 47
 954
art 40(1)(1)
 955
art 41
 953
art 41(1)
 955
Emergency Protection for Iraqi Cultural Antiquities Act 2004
 224
Constitution 2005
s 1, art 4
 193

Israel

Antiquities Law 5738-1978
 937, 938, 943, 945
Chap 1, s 2
 944, 950
Chap 1, s 6
 944
Chap 3
 948
Chap 4
 949, 950
Chap 4, ss 15 to 18
 952
Chap 4, ss 15 to 22
 206
Chap 4, s 15(a)
 952
Chap 4, s 17
 950
Chap 4, s 21
 955
Chap 4, s 22(a)
 951, 952
Chap 4, s 22(b)
 951
Chap 9
 942
Chap 9, s 7
 942
Chap 10, s 37
 954
Chap 10, s 38
 954, 955
Vesting Law 1978
 206
Antiquities Authority Law 5749–1989
 938
Loan of Cultural Objects (Restriction of Jurisdiction) Law 2007
 579

Italy

Civil Code
art 1153
 698
Code of the Cultural and Landscape Heritage 2004
 203
art 10
 204
art 65
 206
art 66
 206
arts 74 to 87
 218
art 88(1)
 204
art 89(1)
 204
art 90(1)
 204
art 91(1)
 206
art 92(1)
 207
art 92(2)
 207
Law n. 100/2012
 167

Japan

Act on Controls on the Illicit Export and Import of Cultural Property 2002
art 4
 843
art 6
 843
Act on Facilitation of Exhibition of Overseas Works of Art in Japan 2011
 569
Act on the Civil Jurisdiction with respect to a Foreign State 2009
 569
Ancient Capitals Preservation Law
 842
Civil Code
art 6
 843
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law
art 52
 843
Landscape Act
 842
Law on the Preservation of Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monuments 1919
 842
Law on the Preservation of Important Art Objects and Others 1933
 842
Law on the Preservation of National Treasure 1929
 842
Law on the Protection of Cultural Properties 1950
 842
art 44
 842
art 82
 843

Jordan

Law No 24 of 1934
 939
Antiquities Law (No 51) of 1966
 59
Law of Antiquities, Law No 21 of 1988, amended by Law No 23 for the year 2004
art 2(7)
 943
art 2(11)
 204
art 5c
 945
art 5g
 946
art 5C
 945
art 7
 945
art 8(b)
 205
art 8a
 944
art 12a
 947
arts 14-20
 204
art 15
 944
arts 16 to 22
 948
art 23
 205, 949
art 24
 206, 953
arts 26 to 28
 954
art 27
 955
art 27(a)
 955
Amending Law No 23 of 2004
 939
Regulations for Archaeological Projects in Jordan based on the provisions of the Jordanian Antiquities Law No 21 for the year 1988 and its amendments 2016
 204, 939

Kenya

Antiquities and Monuments Act 1983
 816, 830
National Museums Act 1983
 816
National Museums and Heritage Act 2006
s 46
 816
s 49
 816

Kiribati

Constitution 1979
 877

Korea

Civil Code
 844
Cultural Property Protection Law 1962
 833
Law on the Preservation and Promotion of Intangible Cultural Property 2015
 845
Law on the Protection of Cultural Properties 1962
 844–5
art 69ter
 844
art 78
 844–5
art 87(5)
 844

Lebanon

Law No 651 of 1926
 953
Regulation on Antiquities, Law No 166 of 1933
 939, 943, 947, 948, 953
art 12
 944
Antiquities Law, No 37 of 2008
 939, 943, 953
art 2A(b)
 943
arts 4 to 16
 947
art 5(2)
 944
art 12
 944, 945, 950
art 12(1)
 953
arts 20 to 46
 946
art 20
 954
arts 56 to 72
 948
Decree No 3065 of 2016
 939, 945, 953
art 4
 945
art 9
 953
art 10
 950

Lesotho

Historical Monuments, Relics, Fauna and Flora Act 1967
 830

Libya

Antiquities Law, No 3 of 1994 (1424 PD)
 940, 943
art 1
 943
art 2
 943
art 5
 945
art 8
 953
art 23
 949
art 28
 944
arts 51 to 55
 948
arts 51 to 58
 954

Madagascar

Constitution 2010
art 26
 813
Legislation/Decree 82-029 of 6 November 1982 on the Protection, Safeguarding and Conservation of the National Heritage
 816
art 25
 814
art 3
 814
art 42
 814

Malawi

Copyright Act 1987
s 2
 826
Monuments and Relics Act 1991
 830

Malaysia

Antiquities Act 1976
 851–2
s 3(3)
 852
Pt VI (ss 21 to 25)
 852
National Heritage Act 2005
 851–2, 856
Pt IV
 852
Pt V
 852
s 2(1)
 852
s 4
 852
s 83
 852
s 84
 852
Treasure Trove Act 1957
 851, 852

Mali

Decree No. 203/PG instituting a National Commission for the Safeguarding of the National Cultural Heritage 1985
 815
Decree No. 275 Regulating Archaeological Excavations 1985
art 11
 815
Law No. 85-40 Concerning the Protection and Promotion of the National Cultural Heritage 1985
 815
Decree No. 299 Regulating the Excavation, Commercialization and Export of Cultural Goods 1986
 815
Law No. 86-61 Concerning Dealers in Cultural Goods 1986
 815

Mexico

Federal Law on Monuments and Archaeological, Artistic and Historical Zones 1972
 972, 973

Namibia

National Heritage Act 2004
s 24
 816

Nauru

Constitution 1968
 877
Geneva Conventions Act 2012
 863
National Heritage Act 2017
 875

Netherlands

Act of 9 December 2015, relating to the Combining and Amendment of Rules Regarding Cultural Heritage (Heritage Act)
 512
s 4.23
 206
s 6.3.1
 222
s 6.3.2
 222

New Zealand

Trade Marks Act 2002
s 17(1)(c)
 475

Nigeria

Antiquities (Prohibited Transfers) Act 1974
 815
Antiquities Act 1953
 815
Copyright Act 1988
s 31
 827
s 31(5)
 826
s 32
 827
s 33(1)(d)
 827
National Commission for Museums and Monuments Act 1979
 830
National Museums and Monuments Act 1979
 815

Niue

Taoga Nieu Act 2012
 873

Palau

Second Constitutional Convention 15 July 2005
 876, 877

Palestine

Provisional Law on Antiquities, No 51 of 1966
 940
Decree-Law No 11 about Tangible Cultural Heritage 2018
 937, 940, 943
Title V
 940
art 1
 943
art 4B
 944
art 5(1)
 945
art 6(3)(3)
 946
art 7(1)
 948
art 10
 942
art 11
 942
art 15(4)
 949
art 26(6)
 949
art 27(4)
 949
art 28(2)(B)
 953
arts 59 to 71
 954
art 65
 955
art 71
 955
art 72
 944

Papua New Guinea

Constitution 1978
s 7(3)
 877
s 45
 876, 877
s 155(4)
 877
National Cultural Property (Preservation) Act 1965
 877

Philippines

National Cultural Heritage Act 1966
 853
National Cultural Heritage Act 1974
 853
National Cultural Heritage Act 2009
 852
art II
 853
art VI
 853

Poland

Museum Act 1996
s 4a
 579

Russian Federation

Federal Law N 64-FZ (15 April 1998)
 593

Samoa

Constitution 1960
 877
art 102
 869
Constitution 1978
s 110
 869

Solomon Islands

Constitution 1978
 877
s 114(2)(b)
 869

South Africa

National Heritage Resources Act 1999
Chap I, Pt 2 (ss 11 to 26)
 815
s 23
 815

South Sudan

Constitution 2011
art 23
 194
art 33
 194

Spain

Law on National Parks 1916
 274
Constitution 1978
art 3
 374
Law No 16 of 23 June 1985
 297
Law 10 of 26 May 2016 for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage
art 2
 374
Civil Code
art 1955
 698
art 1956
 698

Sudan

Interim National Constitution 2005
 194

Switzerland

Private International Law Act 1987
art 19
 713, 714
Constitution 1999
art 44(3)
 722
art 184(3)
 575
Federal Act on the International Transfer of Cultural Property 2003 (Cultural Property Transfer Act)
 34, 706, 714
art 7
 220, 223, 714
Ordinance establishing Economic Measures towards the Republic of Iraq 2003
art 1a
 224
Federal Law No 520.3 of 20 June 2014 on the Protection of Cultural property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Natural Disaster or Emergency
art 12
 58
Ordinance on Sanctions against Syria 2014
art 9A(1)
 224
Civil Code
art 728(1)
 686

Syria

Decree-Law No 222 on the Treatment of Antiquities in the Syrian Arab Republic 1963
 940, 943
art 4
 225
Antiquities Law, No 1 of 1997
 940, 943, 948
art 4
 944
art 4A
 945
art 4B
 945
art 32
 945
art 34,1
 945
art 36
 944
arts 41 to 55
 948
art 42
 948
art 52
 948
arts 58 to 68
 954
art 66
 955
art 68
 955
art 69.1
 953

Tanzania

Antiquities Act 1964
 815
Antiquities (Amendment) Act 1979
 815
Monuments Preservation Ordinance 1937
 815

Thailand

Proclamation on Temple Boundary and Temple Looters 1851
 854
Antique Objects Act 1957
art 2(ii)
 855
Act on Ancient Monuments, Antiques, Objects of Art, and National Museums 1961
 854
Act on Ancient Monuments, Antiques, Objects of Art, and National Museums (No 2) 1992
art 22
 854
art 38
 854
art 39
 854
Law on National Heritage 2005
Pt II, Ch 3
 854
art 3(i)
 854
art 19
 854
art 24
 854
art 35
 854
art 36
 855
art 36(2)
 855
Protection and Preservation of Antique Objects Law 2015
art 4(a)
 855
arts 15 to 20
 855
art 15
 855
Act Promoting and Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2016
 854

Tunisia

Law on Literary and Artistic Property 1994
 826

Turkey

By-law on Antiquities 1869
 936
Vesting Decree 1906
 206
Law on the Conservation of Cultural and Natural Property Law 1983
art 5
 207
Regulation on the Trade of Movable Cultural Property and the Audit of Workplaces and Warehouses pertaining to such trade 1984
 205

Tuvalu

Constitution 2008
 877
s 11(b)
 876

Uganda

Constitution 1992
recital 25
 813

United Kingdom

Cultural Property (Armed Conflicts) Act 2017
s 28
 58
Dealing in Cultural Objects (Offences) Act 2003
s 2(2)
 221
s 2(4)
 221
s 2(5)
 221
European Union Return of Cultural Objects Regulation 1994 (SI 1994/501)
 213
Export Control (Syria Sanctions (Amendment) Order 2014 (SI 2014/1896)
para 2
 224
Human Tissue Act 2004
 798
Iraq (United Nations Sanctions) Order 2003 (SI 2003/1519)
s 8
 224
Protection of Wrecks Act 1973
 297
Return of Cultural Objects Regulations 1994 (SI 1994/501)
 692
Treasure Act 1996
 205
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
s 135(1)
 579

United States

Antique Ceremonial Textiles from Coroma, 58 Fed Reg 29,349 (1993)
 971
Antiquities Act 1906, 16 USC §§ 431–433m
 962
§ 431
 962, 963
§ 432
 962
§ 433
 962
Archaeological Material from the Sipan Archaeological Region, 55 Fed Reg 19,029 (1990)
 971
Archaeological Resources Protection Act 1979, 16 USC §§ 470aa–470mm (ARPA)
 204, 962
§ 470ee
 963
s 6(d)
 963
s 7
 963
s 8(b)
 963
Colorado Rev Stat § 24-80-401(1)
 204
Constitution 1783
art I, s 8(8)
 467
Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act 1983, 19 USC §§ 2601–2613 (CPIA)
 34, 211, 220, 223, 513, 956–7, 970–1, 974, 976
§ 303
 232
§ 2602
 971
§ 2603
 971
§ 2606
 971
§ 2607
 971
Foreign Cultural Exchange Jurisdictional Immunity Clarification Act 2016, 28 USC § 1605
 562
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976, 28 USC §§ 1330, 1332, 1391(f), 1441(d), 1602–1611 (FSIA)
 554, 556, 562–9, 632, 688
§ 1605A
 576
§ 1605(a)(2)
 555, 688
§ 1605(a)(3)
 553, 562–3
§ 1605(a)(4)
 559
§ 1605(h)
 564
§ 1605(h)(1)
 564
§ 1605(h)(2)(A)
 565
§ 1605(h)(2)(B)(ii)
 565
§ 1605(h)(2)(B)(iii)
 565
§ 1605(h)(3)(C)
 565
§ 1610(g)
 577
Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act 2016, 22 USC § 1621 (HEAR)
 568
Immunity from Seizure Act 1965, 22 USC § 2459 (IFSA)
 564, 570, 573
§ 2459(a)
 554
Import Restrictions on Prehispanic Artifacts from El Salvador, 60 Fed Regs 13, 352, 13,361 (1995)
 971
Importation of Pre-Columbian Monumental or Architectural Sculpture or Murals, 19 USC §§ 2091–2095 (1988)
 970
Indiana Historic Preservation and Archaeology Act, IC § 14-3-3.4–15
 204
Lanham Act 1946, 15 USC 1052(a)
 476
Maine Rev Stat Ann, tit 27, § 374
 204
National Stolen Property Act 1934, 18 USC §§ 2314–2315 (NSPA)
 207, 208, 211, 214, 215, 972–4
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act 1990, 25 USC §§3001–3013; 18 USC §1170 (NAGPRA)
 963–5
§ 1170
 964
Protect and Preserve International Cultural Property Act 2016, 19 USC §§ 2601–2603, §2606
 58, 127, 224, 976
§ 2601
 706
§ 2602
 706
Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws 1969
s 06
 698
s 09
 698
s 246
 698
Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations Law 1987
s 443
 703
US Code of Laws
18 USC §545
 975
19 USC §1497
 975
19 USC §1595
 975
22 USC § 287e
 969

Vanuatu

Constitution 1980
art 30(1)
 869
art 73
 869
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Act 2009
 873
Custom Land Management Act 2013
 870

Vietnam

Law on Cultural Heritage 2001
art 13
 853
art 43(1)
 853
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