
Contents
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Definitions Definitions
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Socioeconomic Disadvantage Socioeconomic Disadvantage
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Resilience Resilience
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Protective Factors Protective Factors
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Risk Factors Risk Factors
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Risk Behaviors Risk Behaviors
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The Ecological Model of Multicultural Counseling Psychology Processes (EMMCPP) The Ecological Model of Multicultural Counseling Psychology Processes (EMMCPP)
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Individual Individual
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Microsystem Microsystem
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Mesosystem Mesosystem
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Exosystem Exosystem
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Macrosystem Macrosystem
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Individual Subsystem Individual Subsystem
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Risk Factors Risk Factors
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Resilience and Protective Factors Resilience and Protective Factors
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Social Class, Resilience, Risk and Youth Social Class, Resilience, Risk and Youth
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Microsystems Microsystems
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Microsubsystem: Family Microsubsystem: Family
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Role of Social Class Role of Social Class
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Microsubsystem: Peers Microsubsystem: Peers
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Social Class and Risks Social Class and Risks
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Social Class and Resilience Social Class and Resilience
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Microsubsystem: School Microsubsystem: School
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Risk Risk
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Resilience Resilience
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Social Class and Risks and Resilience Social Class and Risks and Resilience
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Microsubsystem: Community Microsubsystem: Community
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Risk Risk
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Social Class and Community Social Class and Community
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Intersections of Race, Social Class, and Community Intersections of Race, Social Class, and Community
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Community and Social Class Community and Social Class
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Mesosystem Mesosystem
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Social Class and Mesosystemic Interactions Social Class and Mesosystemic Interactions
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Social Capital, Social Class, and Resilience in the Mesosystem Social Capital, Social Class, and Resilience in the Mesosystem
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Schools and Family Social Capital Schools and Family Social Capital
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Juvenile Justice Issues and Family Social Capital Juvenile Justice Issues and Family Social Capital
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Opportunities and Career Development Opportunities and Career Development
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Exosystem Exosystem
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Health Care Health Care
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Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice
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Education Education
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Macrosystem Macrosystem
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Future Research Future Research
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Counseling Psychology and Systemic Change Counseling Psychology and Systemic Change
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Author Note Author Note
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References References
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20 Resilience, At-Risk Youth, Social Class, and Counseling
Get accessE. Janie Pinterits, Alliant International University
Astrid D’Cunha, University of North Dakota
Anthony Athmann, Counseling Psychology and Community Services, University of North Dakota
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Published:01 May 2013
Cite
Abstract
In adolescence, resilience is a multifactorial process that resides in systems of relationships between the individual, family, and the community (Evans & Pinnock, 2007). Social class and socioeconomic factors are crucial determinants of health and well-being that can result in the cumulative and systematic advantaging of youth of class privilege and disadvantaging of poorer youth (APA, 2007; WHO, 2008). The ecological model of multicultural counseling psychology processes (Neville & Mobley, 2001), an extension of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, forms the foundation of the conceptualization of adolescent resilience, risk, and social class. This chapter utilizes an intersectional approach to examine the complexity of social relations and inequities that shape social policy, values and norms, and experience of US adolescents. By conceptualizing resilience, risk, and social class within an ecological model, a more comprehensive understanding of adolescent development is gained.
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