
Contents
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Theoretical Framework for Social Class Theoretical Framework for Social Class
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Theoretical Framework for Masculinity Theoretical Framework for Masculinity
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The Male Code The Male Code
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Gender Role Conflict Gender Role Conflict
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Traditional Masculinity Ideology Traditional Masculinity Ideology
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Conformity to Masculine Norms Conformity to Masculine Norms
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Literature Review Literature Review
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Historical Perspective Historical Perspective
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Contemporary Issues Contemporary Issues
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Social Class, Masculinity, and Multicultural Issues Social Class, Masculinity, and Multicultural Issues
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Social Class, Masculinity, and Health Issues Social Class, Masculinity, and Health Issues
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General Health General Health
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Substance Abuse Substance Abuse
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Social Class and Vocational Behavior Social Class and Vocational Behavior
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General Vocational Issues General Vocational Issues
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Men in Female-Concentrated Vocations Men in Female-Concentrated Vocations
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Conclusions and Implications Conclusions and Implications
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Implications for Training Implications for Training
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Implications for Practice Implications for Practice
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Implications for Research Implications for Research
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Future Directions Future Directions
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References References
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29 Men’s Issues, Social Class, and Counseling
Get accessDavid J. Wimer, The Pennsylvania State University
Ronald Levant is Professor of Psychology at the University of Akron.
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Published:01 May 2013
Cite
Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the double disadvantages associated with being a working-class man, who experiences the disadvantages of being poor combined with the increased health and social risks associated with being a man. Grounded in Liu's (2002) theoretical framework for social class and the gender role strain paradigm (Pleck, 1981), the chapter reviews historical articles on men and social class and contemporary research on the intersection of masculinity and social class. It discusses the interplay of masculinity and social class in the areas of health and vocational behavior. One theme that emerges is that lower social class men may perform more self-destructive and less socially acceptable performances of masculinity, whereas more economically advantaged men may perform masculinity in ways that perpetuate gender inequality but are less harmful to them and more socially acceptable. Suggestions and interventions for training, practice, and research are discussed, as well as future directions.
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