
Contents
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Introducing Critical Whiteness Studies Introducing Critical Whiteness Studies
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Invention of Whiteness: The Historical Context of Privilege and Property Invention of Whiteness: The Historical Context of Privilege and Property
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Psychological Wages (or Perks) of Whiteness: Benefits beyond the Material Psychological Wages (or Perks) of Whiteness: Benefits beyond the Material
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Unemployed and Underemployed: White Folks on the Margins Unemployed and Underemployed: White Folks on the Margins
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Middle-Class Whites: Seeing Normal Middle-Class Whites: Seeing Normal
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White Elites: Trickle-Down Racism White Elites: Trickle-Down Racism
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Implications for Research Implications for Research
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Implications for Training Implications for Training
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Multicultural Counseling Coursework Multicultural Counseling Coursework
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Counseling Practica Counseling Practica
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Implications for Practice Implications for Practice
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Multicultural Counseling Knowledge Multicultural Counseling Knowledge
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Multicultural Counseling (Self-) Awareness Multicultural Counseling (Self-) Awareness
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Multicultural Counseling Skills Multicultural Counseling Skills
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Questions for Consideration: Questions for Consideration:
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Author Notes Author Notes
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References References
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24 Whiteness and Social Class: Intersections and Implications
Get accessLisa B. Spanierman, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Patton O. Garriott, Counseling Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
D. Anthony Clark, American Indian Studies Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Published:01 May 2013
Cite
Abstract
This chapter reviews the interdisciplinary literature in the field of critical Whiteness studies to situate the research, teaching, and practice concerns of counseling psychology in the historical context of Whiteness. By understanding the social construction of Whiteness in the United States, readers will note its inextricable ties to capital (i.e., material assets and investments) and its role in the social division of labor. The chapter specifies key historical markers to highlight the production and reproduction of a classed Whiteness since the seventeenth century. Through an intersectional approach that links Whiteness and social class, the authors next discuss various social class strata among Whites (i.e., unemployed and underemployed, professional-middle class, and elite), emphasizing key concerns that may be salient in each stratum. Finally, the chapter turns readers' attention to implications for the field of counseling psychology, addressing future research directions and providing implications for training and practice.
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