
Contents
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From Consensus to Competition? The 1994 Elections and the Birth of the Second Republic From Consensus to Competition? The 1994 Elections and the Birth of the Second Republic
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Majoritarian Politics in Italy: From Polarized Pluralism to a Two-Party System? Majoritarian Politics in Italy: From Polarized Pluralism to a Two-Party System?
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Government and Opposition: From Peripheral Turnover to Alternation Government and Opposition: From Peripheral Turnover to Alternation
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Crisis and Change: Back to Polarized Pluralism? Crisis and Change: Back to Polarized Pluralism?
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Conclusions: From Fragmentation to Bipolarity, and Back Again? Conclusions: From Fragmentation to Bipolarity, and Back Again?
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Notes Notes
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25 Bipolarity (and After)
Get accessJonathan Hopkin is Associate Professor of Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics.
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Published:11 February 2016
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Abstract
This chapter charts the emergence and evolution of a broadly bipolar or majoritarian pattern of party competition and explains how, without any formal change to Italy’s constitutional arrangements, the changes in the party system brought about a dramatic transformation in how Italy is governed. The chapter looks at the collapse of the center and the emergence of new parties and new electoral coalitions on the center-left and the center-right. It shows the ways in which the new party system approximated the classic two-party model associated with majoritarian electoral systems and the important differences due to the continued high levels of fragmentation within the center-left and center-right electoral blocs. It also shows how the changing pattern of partisan competition affected the relations between prime ministers and their governments, and between governments and parliament. It concludes by assessing the consequences of the Eurozone crisis after 2008 for Italy’s incipient electoral bipolarity.
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