
Published online:
01 September 2012
Published in print:
01 May 2011
Online ISBN:
9780199965151
Print ISBN:
9780195339970
Contents
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The brain rapidly processes input to arrive at an interpretation of the whole visual scene The brain rapidly processes input to arrive at an interpretation of the whole visual scene
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Visual pathways transform points of light and dark into concepts Visual pathways transform points of light and dark into concepts
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Eye length, the cornea, and the lens combine to focus light on to the retina Eye length, the cornea, and the lens combine to focus light on to the retina
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Accommodation allows for focus on near objects Accommodation allows for focus on near objects
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A developmental program dictates eye growth to a length that supports focus of distant images A developmental program dictates eye growth to a length that supports focus of distant images
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The retina records the light arriving at the eye The retina records the light arriving at the eye
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Photoreceptors sit at the end of the light path in order to interact directly with the pigment epithelium Photoreceptors sit at the end of the light path in order to interact directly with the pigment epithelium
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Photoreceptors come in two varieties Photoreceptors come in two varieties
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Modulatory mechanisms allow us to see in conditions that range from nearly complete darkness to a bright sunny day Modulatory mechanisms allow us to see in conditions that range from nearly complete darkness to a bright sunny day
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Both rods and cones use a vitamin A derivative to transduce light energy into electrical energy Both rods and cones use a vitamin A derivative to transduce light energy into electrical energy
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Retinal must be recycled in order that rhodopsin continues to be sensitive to light Retinal must be recycled in order that rhodopsin continues to be sensitive to light
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Discs last about ten days before being phagocytosed by the pigment epithelium Discs last about ten days before being phagocytosed by the pigment epithelium
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The presence of multiple cone types allows for color vision The presence of multiple cone types allows for color vision
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Rod-dependent vision differs markedly from cone-dependent vision Rod-dependent vision differs markedly from cone-dependent vision
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The central area of the retina supports high-acuity vision The central area of the retina supports high-acuity vision
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The visual field on one side of the midline is carried to the contralateral visual cortex The visual field on one side of the midline is carried to the contralateral visual cortex
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The visual world is broken down into channels carrying information about different optical attributes The visual world is broken down into channels carrying information about different optical attributes
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Every channel collects input from across the entire visual field Every channel collects input from across the entire visual field
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Most types of ganglion cells contribute to nonperceptual functions of vision Most types of ganglion cells contribute to nonperceptual functions of vision
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Channels of visual information are processed in parallel in visual cortex Channels of visual information are processed in parallel in visual cortex
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Dorsal and ventral streams process visual input in parallel Dorsal and ventral streams process visual input in parallel
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We need to pay attention in order to see We need to pay attention in order to see
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We learn to see by viewing the world in focus We learn to see by viewing the world in focus
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Additional Readings Additional Readings
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Cite
Mason, Peggy, 'Seeing the World', Medical Neurobiology, 1 edn (2011; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Sept. 2012), https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195339970.003.0016, accessed 6 May 2025.
Abstract
Optical information travels through the eye, reaches the retina and eventually cortex which supportsour ability to detect and interpret the world visually.
Keywords:
retina, lens, cornea, acuity, macula lutea, fovea, peripheral vision, eye movements, retinal ganglion cells, dorsal visual stream, ventral visual stream -critical period, eye length, refraction, cataracts, accommodation, pupil, near triad, presbyopia, emmetropization, myopia, hyperopia, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, photoreceptors, rods, cones, scotopic, photopic, albinism, retinal detachment -postreceptor adaptation, Vitamin A, night blindness, rhodopsin, iodopsin, photoisomerization, color vision, retinal recycling, age-related macular degeneration, color blindness, congenital achromatopsia, eccentricity, blind spot, optic disc, scotomas, striate cortex, extrastriate cortex -circadian entrainment, pupillary light reflex, visual agnosia, prosopagnosia, hemispatial neglect, amblyopia
Collection:
Oxford Medicine Online
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