
Published online:
01 September 2012
Published in print:
01 May 2011
Online ISBN:
9780199965151
Print ISBN:
9780195339970
Contents
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Hearing is the major human portal for interpersonal communication Hearing is the major human portal for interpersonal communication
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Hearing requires conduction of auditory input to the cochlea followed by sensorineural processing Hearing requires conduction of auditory input to the cochlea followed by sensorineural processing
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Sounds range from pure tones to noise Sounds range from pure tones to noise
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The external ear funnels and amplifies sounds The external ear funnels and amplifies sounds
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The middle ear transfers energy from air to the fluid-filled inner ear The middle ear transfers energy from air to the fluid-filled inner ear
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Two muscles modulate sound transfer through the middle ear Two muscles modulate sound transfer through the middle ear
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The sensory region of the cochlea sits within the center of a U-shaped fluid-filled tube The sensory region of the cochlea sits within the center of a U-shaped fluid-filled tube
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Input at the oval window is transformed into a wave of movement across the cochlear duct Input at the oval window is transformed into a wave of movement across the cochlear duct
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Sensory transduction occurs in a subdivision of the cochlear duct called the organ of Corti Sensory transduction occurs in a subdivision of the cochlear duct called the organ of Corti
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The fluid within the organ of Corti is at a positive potential with respect to ground The fluid within the organ of Corti is at a positive potential with respect to ground
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Outer hair cells fine-tune the frequency resolution of the cochlea Outer hair cells fine-tune the frequency resolution of the cochlea
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Outer hair cells primarily receive input from the central nervous system Outer hair cells primarily receive input from the central nervous system
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Stimulation elicits entry of potassium ions into hair cell stereocilia Stimulation elicits entry of potassium ions into hair cell stereocilia
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Stimulus frequency is coded by both labeled-line mechanisms and discharge pattern Stimulus frequency is coded by both labeled-line mechanisms and discharge pattern
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Central auditory structures carry information from both ears Central auditory structures carry information from both ears
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Speech production uses a fundamental frequency set by vibrations of the glottis Speech production uses a fundamental frequency set by vibrations of the glottis
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The vocal tract filters the sound wave emanating from the glottis The vocal tract filters the sound wave emanating from the glottis
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Speech comprehension employs a rich interplay between context and acoustic information Speech comprehension employs a rich interplay between context and acoustic information
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Additional readings Additional readings
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Cite
Mason, Peggy, 'Audition: Communication Portal', Medical Neurobiology, 1 edn (2011; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Sept. 2012), https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195339970.003.0017, accessed 6 May 2025.
Abstract
Hearing, critical to verbal communication, is vulnerable to damage located in the ear whereas cortical areasare critical to language comprehension and production.
Keywords:
deafness, conduction hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss -cochlear amplifier, tympanic membrane -Rinne test, Weber test, hearing aid, cochlear implant-external ear-middle ear, ossicles, stapes, oval window -cochlea, cochlear hair cells, fundamental sound frequency, external auditory meatus, decibels, cerumen, inner ear, Eustachian tube, middle ear muscles -otosclerosis-scalavestibuli, scala tympani, helicotrema -cochlear duct -basilar membrane, tonotopy, characteristicfrequency, organ of Corti, tectorial membrane, inner hair cells, outer hair cells, endolymph, striavascularis, resonance matching, presbycusis, mechanolectrical transduction (MET) channel, ototoxic drugs, tinnitus, otoacoustic emissions, Usher syndrome, phonation, prosody, vocal tract, dysarthria, auditory illusions
Collection:
Oxford Medicine Online
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Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct.
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