Volume 31, Issue 7, October 2024

The risk of dengue emergence in France this summer is likely and must be considered in preparedness planning. The risk could arise from international visitors but also French travellers returning from epidemic areas. The French preparedness and response plan and the importance of international surveillance after the Olympics are highlighted.

This study on the 2024 dengue epidemic in Brazil analysed 3.5 million cases. High-risk areas were identified in the Southeast and South regions. Spatial clustering and healthcare disparities were examined, showing a negative correlation between dengue incidence and healthcare coverage. Effective public health interventions are recommended.

The Mayaro virus, an arthropod-borne virus transmitted from mosquitoes to humans, is endemic in Central and South America. From 2014 to 2024, 314 Mayaro fever cases were registered in Brazil, with high-risk clusters in Goiás, Amazonas, and Pará, and an increasing trend of cases in the Amazon region.

A 42-year-old Caucasian man developed left homonymous hemianopia 16 days after receipt of a live-attenuated 17D-204 yellow fever virus vaccine. MRI imaging of the brain revealed right occipital and left parieto-occipital lesions with marked hyperintensity consistent with demyelination, and a diagnosis of yellow fever vaccine-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was made.

Imported cases of Oropouche fever were recently detected in Italy. Upcoming mass events, i.e. the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris and the 2025 Jubilee in Rome, represent increasing likelihood of further OROV importation and potential spread in new areas, underscoring the importance of strengthening surveillance, laboratory capacity and ecology studies.

Dengue, traditionally confined to endemic regions, is now emerging in non-endemic areas, including Italy. This manuscript describes the 2023 Italian autochthonous dengue outbreak, reporting the clinical and demographic characteristics of 19 patients followed by the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS in Rome, Italy.

We describe two cases of Oropouche fever in travellers from Brazil, late March 2024, and from Cuba, July 2024. The Oropouche virus was carried outside the Americas before the Cuba outbreak, requiring screening in febrile travellers from Latin America. Studies on possible vectors and reservoirs in new areas should be implemented.

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arbovirus transmitted by midges that is now emerging outside the Amazon region. For the first time, fatal cases were reported, and possible vertical transmission of OROV is under investigation. Knowledge gaps remain concerning the natural history of OROV infection, host immune response and vector competence.

We present a case of coinfection with dengue and parainfluenza viruses, a coinfection that has not been described in the literature to date. This case emphasizes that fever after travel is not always caused by a single disease. Appropriate research on fever sources and infection control measures should be implemented.

Typhoid fever is a rarely encountered disease in the Western world. In our study, patients with imported typhoid fever were characterized by a febrile illness with a relative bradycardia, headache and abdominal pain. Only a few patients presented with diarrhoea. An elevated CRP and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) were the most common laboratory abnormalities. Complications like focal abscesses occurred quite frequently.