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The Mayaro virus (MAYV), transmitted to humans primarily through Haemagogus and potentially Aedes mosquitoes, has been endemic to the forest areas of Central and South America for over 90 years.1 Most infections occur during activities that increase human exposure to forested habitats, such as logging, hunting, farming and agricultural practices, and recreational activities in natural settings. However, MAYV can also spread in urban settings where high population density and suitable breeding habitats facilitate mosquito proliferation.2 Characterized by fever, skin rash, headache, eye pain, myalgia and severe arthralgia, Mayaro fever poses diagnostic challenges due to its symptom similarity to other arboviruses.3

Brazil, particularly the Amazon region, has recorded the highest incidence rates of the disease, with autochthonous cases also observed in the Central-West, especially in Goiás.4 It is estimated that 58.9 million people in Central and South America, including 46.2 million in Brazil, are at risk for Mayaro fever.5 This number reflects both the wide distribution of the vectors and the presence of environmental conditions conducive to virus transmission. Despite being recognized as a public health threat, the clinical-epidemiological profile and epidemic potential of Mayaro fever remain poorly understood, complicating efforts to monitor, prevent and control its spread.

Issue Section:
Research letter
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