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18 Myocardial Disease
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Published:August 2009
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Summary
Diseases of the myocardium are common and extend from primary forms (cardiomyopathies) to the secondary forms such as hypertensive heart disease, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and more rare forms of secondary myocardial disease such as muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy or peripartum cardiomyopathy. The primary forms are typically genetically transmitted, whereas secondary myocardial diseases are mostly acquired. Secondary forms may also have a genetic background, which favours the development of secondary myocardial disease. A special form of myocardial disease represents inflammatory diseases of the myocardium such as myocarditis or viral cardiomyopathy.
A variant of the whole spectrum represents hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is—in contrast to other cardiomyopathies—associated with normal or supranormal myocardial function. The haemodynamic characteristics of this form of cardiomyopathy are: 1) the presence of systolic obstruction of the outflow tract; and 2) the existence of diastolic dysfunction. Most other forms show a reduction in systolic ejection performance (= systolic dysfunction).
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