Volume 64, Issue 3, September 2023

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has revolutionized how personal data are handled and protected, bringing forth a new era of privacy rights for individuals within the European Union (EU).

Anatomical resection with systematic lymph node dissection is the treatment of choice in patient with operable early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer, favouring minimally invasive surgical approaches such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS).

Congenital aortic valve stenosis (AS) represents ∼75% of all congenital obstructions of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract [1] and commonly requires surgical management at some point during its course, although often effectively but temporarily relieved by balloon valvuloplasty [2, 3].

Atrioventricular (AV) valve regurgitation is a known risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing single-ventricle palliation strategies [1–11].

Ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) due to aortic clamping activates inflammatory pathways resulting in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and in injury to distant organs such as lungs and kidneys [1].

Since the initial months of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used in the treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

The European System for Cardiac Operation Risk Evaluation II (EuroSCORE II) is the most common tool used to evaluate the perioperative risk of mortality after cardiac surgery in Europe [1]; indeed, its use is currently recommended by the relevant guidelines [2].

A 56-year-old male patient was referred to our department.

The EuroSCORE II model aims to support clinicians and their patients to determine whether benefits of cardiac surgery outweigh mortality risks associated with these procedures [1].

Left ventricular (LV) summit ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rare form of life-threatening VT that originates from the most superior region of the LV, surrounded by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), left circumflex coronary artery and the anterior interventricular vein (AIV) (Fig. 1) [1–4].

Surgical mitral valve repair is the gold standard treatment for degenerative valve disease with excellent clinical outcomes [1].