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Motivated Reasoning Motivated Reasoning
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Overview Overview
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Kantian Idealism and Evolutionary Psychology Kantian Idealism and Evolutionary Psychology
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The Evolution of Adaptive Biases: The Smoke Detector Principle The Evolution of Adaptive Biases: The Smoke Detector Principle
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Motivated Reasoning as a Tool for Persuasion: The Argumentative Theory of Reasoning Motivated Reasoning as a Tool for Persuasion: The Argumentative Theory of Reasoning
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Affect-as-Information Affect-as-Information
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Emotions and Identity-Protective Cognition Emotions and Identity-Protective Cognition
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Emotions and Moral Reasoning, Including Perceptions of Justice Emotions and Moral Reasoning, Including Perceptions of Justice
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Emotions and Reasoning about Risk Emotions and Reasoning about Risk
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Final Conclusions Final Conclusions
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Notes Notes
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References References
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46 Defect or Design Feature? Toward an Evolutionary Psychology of the Role of Emotion in Motivated Reasoning
Get accessTimothy Ketelaar, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University
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Published:22 May 2024
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Abstract
This chapter describes motivated reasoning from an evolutionary perspective. A central premise is that when two individuals arrive at strikingly different interpretations of the same evidence, these different perceptions might not reflect a mere difference of opinions but may instead represent the operation of fundamentally different worldviews. Kant’s transcendental psychology offers a philosophical framework for understanding how two individuals—or even the same person in different contexts—will often perceive the same physical reality in markedly different ways. Finally, the chapter draws upon evolutionary insights regarding cognitive bias to review the literature on emotion and motivated reasoning. Equipped with these evolutionary and philosophical insights, this chapter shows how the “Affect-as-Information” model from social cognition can illuminate how many instances of cognitive bias, such as motivated reasoning, may be more accurately interpreted, not as “bugs” in our “mental software,” but as possible “design features” of the human mind.
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