
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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A Brief Review of the Science of Gratitude A Brief Review of the Science of Gratitude
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Trait Gratitude Trait Gratitude
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Gratitude Interventions and Well-Being Gratitude Interventions and Well-Being
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Gratitude and Pro-sociality Gratitude and Pro-sociality
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Cross-Cultural Commonalities and Differences Cross-Cultural Commonalities and Differences
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Evolutionary Accounts of Gratitude Evolutionary Accounts of Gratitude
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Gratitude and Welfare Trade-Off Ratios Gratitude and Welfare Trade-Off Ratios
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The Communicative Function of Gratitude The Communicative Function of Gratitude
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Indirect Reciprocity Indirect Reciprocity
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Open Questions Open Questions
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What Are the Specific Roles of Costs and Benefits? What Are the Specific Roles of Costs and Benefits?
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Is Gratitude a Discrete Emotion/Natural Kind? Is Gratitude a Discrete Emotion/Natural Kind?
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Qualia Qualia
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What Do the Positive Well-Being Outcomes Imply about the Functional Structure of Gratitude? What Do the Positive Well-Being Outcomes Imply about the Functional Structure of Gratitude?
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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14 The Elements of Gratitude
Get accessRiley N. Loria, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder
Debra Lieberman, Department of Psychology, University of Miami
Eric J. Pedersen, University of Colorado, Boulder
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Published:22 May 2024
Cite
Abstract
Gratitude is a key emotion motivating the initiation and maintenance of cooperative relationships. However, it has received relatively little attention from evolutionarily minded social scientists. We have learned much about gratitude in the past two decades that sheds light on gratitude’s purported evolved functions, but several questions remain: Does gratitude rely on benefit delivery? Does it require that a cost be incurred? Does gratitude correspond to a change in another’s value of the self, the self’s value of another, or both? And how do expressions of gratitude influence perceptions of the expressor? This chapter begins with an overview of the science of gratitude by reviewing research from positive and social psychology, highlighting the cross-cultural similarities and differences in the experience and expression of gratitude. The authors then focus on evolutionary perspectives on gratitude, discuss experimental results that adjudicate between them, and suggest profitable lines of future research.
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