
Contents
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1 Infant, Child, and Adolescent Development and the Law: Intersections, Interactions, and Influences
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Evidence That Policing Is Racially Biased and Discriminatory Evidence That Policing Is Racially Biased and Discriminatory
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Consequences of Racially Disproportionate Policing: Application of the Social–Ecological Developmental Framework Consequences of Racially Disproportionate Policing: Application of the Social–Ecological Developmental Framework
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The Macrosystem: Policing at the Societal Level The Macrosystem: Policing at the Societal Level
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Macrosystem-Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being Macrosystem-Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being
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The Exosystem: Policing as an Institution and in Practice The Exosystem: Policing as an Institution and in Practice
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Exosystem-Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being Exosystem-Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being
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The Mesosystem: Relations Between Police and Immediate Settings The Mesosystem: Relations Between Police and Immediate Settings
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Mesosystem Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being Mesosystem Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being
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The Microsystem: Direct Interactions and Personal Factors The Microsystem: Direct Interactions and Personal Factors
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Officer-Level Risk Factors for Racialized Policing Officer-Level Risk Factors for Racialized Policing
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Situational-Level Risk Factors for Racialized Policing Situational-Level Risk Factors for Racialized Policing
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Microsystem-Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being Microsystem-Level Impacts on Development and Well-Being
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Microsystem-Level Impacts Resulting From the Broader Macrosystem Context Microsystem-Level Impacts Resulting From the Broader Macrosystem Context
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Cumulative Consequences of Racialized Policing and Evidence of Resilience Cumulative Consequences of Racialized Policing and Evidence of Resilience
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Implications for Policy and Practice Implications for Policy and Practice
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Macrosystem Implications Macrosystem Implications
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Exosystem Implications Exosystem Implications
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Mesosystem Implications Mesosystem Implications
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Microsystem Implications Microsystem Implications
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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26 Racial Disparities in Policing: Psychological Consequences Over the Lifespan
Get accessKelly C. Burke, PhD is Assistant Professor at the University of Texas at El Paso. Her research focuses on the role of prejudice, discrimination, and race in juror and police officer decision making. She also examines the influence of body-worn camera footage on jurors’ decisions and public perceptions of police. She co-edited the book, The Legacy of Racism for Children: Psychology, Law, and Public Policy, and her work has been published in peer-reviewed journals and books and funded by the National Science Foundation, American Psychology–Law Society, and Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.
Cynthia J. Najdowski, PhD is Associate Professor of Psychology and Director of the Social–Personality Psychology Doctoral Program at the University at Albany, State University of New York. Her research examines the psychological causes of miscarriages of justice, which occur when innocent individuals are mistakenly entangled in criminal legal systems or when guilty individuals wrongly evade punishment. She is specifically interested in understanding errors that affect marginalized and vulnerable populations. Professor Najdowski has received several nationally competitive grants and scholarly awards, including, most recently, the American Psychological Association Early Career Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest.
Margaret C. Stevenson, PhD is Associate Professor of Psychology at Kenyon College. She has been awarded various national and institutional grants and awards for scholarship, psychological service, and teaching, and has published over 30 peer-reviewed articles and chapters related to jury decision making and the intersection of children, psychology, race, and the law. She recently published two Oxford University Press edited volumes: Criminal Juries in the 21st Century and The Legacy of Racism for Children. She currently serves as President of the American Psychological Association Division 37, Child and Family Policy and Practice, Section on Child Maltreatment.
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Published:18 December 2023
Cite
Abstract
This chapter reviews the psychological consequences of racialized policing for people of color over the course of their lives, organizing the review within Bronfenbrenner’s social-ecological model and emerging science on racial, legal, and racial-legal socialization. First, the chapter considers the broader social climate that criminalizes and punishes people of color, and thereby generates racialized policing (macrosystem). Then, it turns to the institution and practice of policing and how this influences the way people of color come to think about their relationships with police (exosystem). Next, the chapter examines how vicarious experiences with police shape attitudes toward police (mesosystem), and how direct experiences and personal history factors influence how people of color experience, navigate, learn, and develop in response to police discrimination (microsystem). Finally, the chapter explores the cumulative effects of racialized policing on life outcomes and the evidence of coping and resilience among people of color, ending with implications for policy and practice.
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