
Contents
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1 Infant, Child, and Adolescent Development and the Law: Intersections, Interactions, and Influences
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A Brief History of Juvenile Justice in the United States A Brief History of Juvenile Justice in the United States
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Early Roots and the Progressive Era Early Roots and the Progressive Era
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The Due Process Revolution and the Criminalization of the Juvenile Court The Due Process Revolution and the Criminalization of the Juvenile Court
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The Era of Developmental Science The Era of Developmental Science
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Modern Juvenile and Criminal Court Processes Modern Juvenile and Criminal Court Processes
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Youth Adjudicatory Hearings and Trials Youth Adjudicatory Hearings and Trials
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Guilty Pleas in Juvenile and Criminal Court Guilty Pleas in Juvenile and Criminal Court
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Role of Parents in the Plea Process Role of Parents in the Plea Process
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Dispositions and Sentencing in Juvenile and Criminal Court Dispositions and Sentencing in Juvenile and Criminal Court
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Impact of Criminal Prosecution and Sentencing on Youth Impact of Criminal Prosecution and Sentencing on Youth
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Conclusion and Future Directions Conclusion and Future Directions
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References References
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14 Youth in Juvenile and Criminal Court
Get accessTina M. Zottoli is Associate Professor of Psychology and Director of the Legal Decision Making Lab at Montclair State University. She holds a PhD in Psychology from the City University of New York, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and is a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of New York. Dr. Zottoli’s scholarship focuses on decision making and legal competencies, with emphases on the decisions of adolescent defendants and reducing adverse outcomes for system-involved youth (e.g., wrongful conviction). Her clinical practice focuses on issues pertaining to legal competencies, violence risk, and sentencing mitigation, and she is regularly hired as a consultant in cases involving youth and young adults.
Tarika Daftary-Kapur, PhD is Associate Professor of Justice Studies at Montclair State University. She holds a PhD in Psychology and Law from the Graduate Center, City University of New York. Her scholarship and teaching focus on youth in the legal system with an emphasis on improving outcomes for justice-involved youth. Her secondary research focus is guilty plea decision making. She has worked and consulted with jurisdictions around the country on their juvenile and criminal justice policies.
Emily Haney-Caron is an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Director of the Youth Law and Psychology Lab at John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She holds a JD and a PhD in Clinical Psychology from Drexel University, and she completed a predoctoral clinical internship at Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School. Her research, scholarship, policy work, and teaching are all focused on the juvenile legal system, with a primary goal of contributing to system reform to increase racial justice and improve the system’s developmental appropriateness. Dr. Haney-Caron is a licensed attorney in Pennsylvania and a licensed psychologist in New York.
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Published:18 December 2023
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Abstract
This chapter describes the legal processes experienced by youth involved in the juvenile or criminal courts of the United States. The first part of the chapter traces the history of the U.S. juvenile justice system from its origination in the Progressive Era through to the present day, emphasizing system changes that have been important for social science research on the legal system. It then describes modern processes in both juvenile and criminal courts, highlighting differences between the two systems. Next, the chapter explores research and scholarship related to youth adjudicatory hearings and trials, youth plea bargaining, and outcomes for youth involved in the legal system. The chapter concludes with a brief summary and suggestions for future research.
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