
Contents
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The Demarcation Problem in Psychiatry The Demarcation Problem in Psychiatry
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Naturalism and Normativism Naturalism and Normativism
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Szasz and Mental Functional Architecture Szasz and Mental Functional Architecture
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Against Szasz: Minds over brains Against Szasz: Minds over brains
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Mental dysfunction and functional architecture Mental dysfunction and functional architecture
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Boorse and Requirements of Naturalism Boorse and Requirements of Naturalism
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Against naturalism: Reference classes Against naturalism: Reference classes
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Naturalists’ burden of justification Naturalists’ burden of justification
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Naturalism and pluralism Naturalism and pluralism
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Wakefield and Evolutionary Accounts of Disorder Wakefield and Evolutionary Accounts of Disorder
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Cashing out evolutionary dysfunction Cashing out evolutionary dysfunction
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Against Wakefield: “Selected disorders” Against Wakefield: “Selected disorders”
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Against Wakefield: “Non-selected effects” Against Wakefield: “Non-selected effects”
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Problems for Wakefield’s response Problems for Wakefield’s response
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Wakefield: More revisionist than he realizes Wakefield: More revisionist than he realizes
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Naturalist Accounts of Disorder: Conclusions Naturalist Accounts of Disorder: Conclusions
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References References
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25 Naturalist Accounts of Mental Disorder
Get accessElselijn Kingma, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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Published:05 September 2013
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Abstract
This chapter examines naturalistic accounts of mental disorder: accounts that define disorder as biological dysfunction. There are three such accounts: an eliminativist account (Szasz); a forward-looking or goal-contribution account (Boorse) and a backward-looking or evolutionary account (Wakefield). I argue first, and contra Szasz, that biological functions can be attributed at a mental level. But our mental architecture might simultaneously support many different ways of attributing function claims, which might undermine a strong naturalism about mental disorder. Second, I argue that Boorse's forward-looking account of disorder as dysfunction is not value-free. Third, I argue that Wakefield's backward-looking account does not accurately map onto our disorder judgments or medical purposes. I conclude that whilst Boorse's forward-looking account of disorder as dysfunction tracks medical usage better than Wakefield's evolutionary account, a truly value-free account of mental disorder cannot be sustained
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