
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Pre-Urban Societies from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age Pre-Urban Societies from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age
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The Cult Domain The Cult Domain
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The World of the Dead The World of the Dead
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Commerce and Economy Before Massalia Commerce and Economy Before Massalia
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The Growth of Towns in the Sixth Century BC The Growth of Towns in the Sixth Century BC
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A First Phase of Urbanization A First Phase of Urbanization
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Topography and Architecture of the Southern Sites Topography and Architecture of the Southern Sites
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The Structuring Components of Urban Sites: Enclosure and Districts The Structuring Components of Urban Sites: Enclosure and Districts
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The Economic, Cultural, and Social Implications of Urbanization The Economic, Cultural, and Social Implications of Urbanization
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Agriculture, Surplus, and Mediterranean Commerce Agriculture, Surplus, and Mediterranean Commerce
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The Prominence of Religion and Politics The Prominence of Religion and Politics
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Urban Concentration: The Fourth to Third Centuries BC Urban Concentration: The Fourth to Third Centuries BC
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Monumental Development and Late Foundations (Second to First Centuries BC) Monumental Development and Late Foundations (Second to First Centuries BC)
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Conclusions Conclusions
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References References
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9 Southern France
Get accessDominique Garcia, University of Aix-Marseille
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Published:07 June 2018
Cite
Abstract
A distinct material culture, economy, and society developed in the south of France during the Iron Age. This phenomenon was related to the way in which local communities were situated between the traditional Celtic societies of temperate Europe, and Mediterranean communities such as the Phoenicians, Etruscans, Greeks, and Romans. This chapter examines the changing nature of settlement types (architecture, urbanization, material culture, topography) and territorial organization during the first millennium BC. From the eighth century BC, local forms of production (agriculture, crafts, trade) were confronted with market activity that greatly expanded after the foundation of Massalia in 600 BC, and towns began to develop soon after. The distinctive monuments and sculpture, public buildings, and burial grounds of the region provide a wealth of insight into religious and funerary practices. The place of different ethnic groups in the regional history is also considered.
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