
Contents
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1.1 Strategic Reforms 1.1 Strategic Reforms
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1.1.1 The Standard Model of Policing 1.1.1 The Standard Model of Policing
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1.1.2 Community Policing and Order Maintenance Policing 1.1.2 Community Policing and Order Maintenance Policing
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1.1.2.1 Community Policing 1.1.2.1 Community Policing
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1.1.2.2 Order Maintenance Policing 1.1.2.2 Order Maintenance Policing
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1.1.3 Problem-Oriented Policing 1.1.3 Problem-Oriented Policing
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1.1.4 Hot Spots Policing 1.1.4 Hot Spots Policing
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1.2 Police Accountability and Legitimacy 1.2 Police Accountability and Legitimacy
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1.2.1 Institutional Accountability for Police Performance 1.2.1 Institutional Accountability for Police Performance
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1.2.2 Oversight of Individual Officer Behavior 1.2.2 Oversight of Individual Officer Behavior
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1.2.2.1 Early Intervention Systems 1.2.2.1 Early Intervention Systems
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1.2.2.2 Citizen Oversight 1.2.2.2 Citizen Oversight
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1.2.3 Police Legitimacy 1.2.3 Police Legitimacy
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1.3 Policing Terrorism 1.3 Policing Terrorism
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1.4 Conclusion 1.4 Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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References References
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1 A Recent History of the Police
Get accessJames J. Willis is assistant professor in the Department of Criminology, Law & Society at George Mason University.
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Published:01 April 2014
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Abstract
Over the last thirty years local police organizations in the United States have been the focus of numerous reform efforts. This essay suggests that some of the most important innovations to have emerged during this period can be regarded as continued adaptations to the problems of public safety and police legitimacy from the 1960s and 1970s. At the same time, police organizations have had to confront a new crisis in the policing environment—terrorism. Thus this essay identifies and describes innovative attempts to reduce and prevent crime, strengthen police accountability and enhance legitimacy, and to adapt to the new challenge of terrorism. These are situated within a larger social, economic, and political context, and a brief assessment of the nature and degree of change is also provided. Finally, some trends in police scholarship are considered as well as opportunities for future research.
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