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Book cover for The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics: Volume 2: Policies and Practices The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics: Volume 2: Policies and Practices
Célestin Monga (ed.), Justin Yifu Lin (ed.)
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687107.001.0001
Published online:
02 September 2014
Published in print:
02 July 2015
Online ISBN:
9780191767005
Print ISBN:
9780199687107

Contents

Book cover for The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics: Volume 2: Policies and Practices The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics: Volume 2: Policies and Practices
End Matter

Index

  • Published:
    September 2014
Subject
Economics
Series
Oxford Handbooks
Collection: Oxford Handbooks Online

Name Index

    Alderman, H.470
    Alichi, A.82
    Anyanwu, J.C.721
    Aportela, F.389
    Araujo-Bonjean, C.242
    Aristotle14
    Arnaldi di Balme, L.350
    Aryeetey, E.14
    Augustine, D.741
    Badiane, O.43
    Baliamoune-Lutz, M.584
    Banaante, C.298
    Barreca, A.I.518
    Bates, R.H.59
    Behmran, J.R.389
    Benes, J.75
    Bergstrand, J.237
    Berthélemy, J.C.751
    Bhattacharyya, S.520
    Birdsall, N.495
    Blanchard, O.3, 80
    Block, S.A59
    Botero, J.C.650
    Boughton, J.M.117
    Bourguignon, F.754
    Brambila-Macias, J.740
    Brunelin, S.242
    Bryceson, D.F.349
    Camdessus, M.190
    Carstensen, K.520
    Casterline, J.B.551
    Chan-Lau, J.408
    Chenery, H.B.747
    Christansen, R140
    Clovis, M.W.721
    Cohen, B.88
    Combes, J.-L.720
    Condorcet, N.608
    Cukierman, A.66n
    De Grawe, P.150
    De Klerk, F.W.771
    de Vries, K.45
    Debrun, X.88
    Deininger, K.293
    Devarajan, S.832
    Docquier, F.721
    Dreschel, P.L.298
    Dunning, J.H.731
    Edwards, S.6
    El-Hamidi, F.474
    El-Sakka, M.I.T.717
    El-Zeini, L.O.551
    Eltigani, E.E.599
    Ferguson, J.769
    Fernando, A.N.363
    Fernando, D.518
    Fielding, D.591
    Fonchamnyo, D.C.714
    Franceschelli, I.616n
    Fuglie, K.58
    Funkhouser, E.389
    Garicano L.1n
    Goodhart, C.168
    Greenberg, B.A.622
    Griliches, Z.462
    Gundlach, E.520
    Hadjimichael, M.T.9
    Hamilton, J.618
    Helfat, C.E.336
    Henderson, V.J.51
    Herrendorf, B.43
    Hirvonen, P.684
    Hoeffler, A.751
    Houphouet-Boigny, F.6
    Jerven, M.47
    John Paul II, Pope194
    Johnston, D.G.311
    Kalemli-Ozcan, S.753
    Kazianga, H.469
    Kenyatta, J.6
    Kherallah, M.314
    Kiethega, J.-B.344
    Kindleberger, C.P.730
    Kiringai, J.577
    Kotsadam, A.350
    Kreuger, A.B.652
    Ladekarl, J.407
    Lapham, R.J.598
    Lesthaeghe, R.857
    Lieberman, E.S.633
    Lien, D.75
    Lipumba, N.H.I.8
    Lopez-De-Silanes, F.650
    Louise, T.D.721
    Lucotte, Y.66
    McCarthy, F.D.516
    McChesney, R.619
    McDonald, I.150
    MacDonald, R.740
    McKenzie, D.485
    Marchant, T.520
    Mascarenhas, R.723
    Mazrui, A.5, 10
    Mazzucato, M.841
    Mellor, J.W.311
    Migot-Adholla, S.293
    Mincer, J.A.462
    Mlambo, M.K.330
    Mohamed, S.E.740
    Mokoaleli-Mokoteli, T.408
    Monacelli, T.82n
    Morgenstern, O.788
    Murray, C.J.510
    Musgrave, R.172
    Ndiaye, A.S.212
    Neumayer, E.751
    Ngoungou, E.B.518
    Nunnenkamp, P.751
    O’Connell, S.164
    Onwujekwe, O.513
    Packard, R.M.516
    Penrose, E.T331
    Perinbam, M.344
    Portugal-Perez, A.243
    Prebisch, R.27
    Purvis, D.D.140
    Rapoport, H.721
    Reiter, S.L.740
    Richards, A.689
    Roberts, M.51
    Rodríguez, X.740
    Röller, L.H.362
    Rose, A.92
    Rostow, W11
    Rottmann, H.174
    Rutherford, T.F.237n
    Sacerdoti, E.164
    Salancik, G.R.332
    Sander, K.K.740
    Saxegaard, M.164
    Schizer, D.M.622
    Schmidt-Hebbel, K.205
    Schoemaker, D.168
    Schudson, M.609
    Schumpeter, J.401
    Sehadji, A.S.158
    Seko, M.S.6
    Senghor, L.S.765
    Shilongo, G.279
    Sidiropoulos, M.G.740
    Singer, H.W.27
    Skoufias, E.389
    Soludo, C.8
    Spilimbergo, A.69
    Steinbuks, J.376
    Storeygard, A.51
    Strout, A.M.747
    Subramanian, A.700
    Summers, L.H.500
    Sundberg, M.754
    Te Velde, D.W.741
    Tengstam, S.701
    Thurlow, J.54
    Timmer, M.P.45
    Touré, A.T.349
    Trumbull, W.N.751
    Tschirley, D.301
    Ulimwengu, J.321
    Van de Westhuizen, C.647
    Van der Hoeven, R.796n
    Van Eijk, A.M.509
    Van Waeyenberge, E.685
    Van Walbeek, C.P.653n
    Vanderhoeft, C.857
    Veganzones-Varoudakis, M.-A.739
    Viceisza, A.395
    Volosovych, V.753
    Wacziarg, R.237
    Waterbury, J.689
    Waverman, L.362
    Werthmann, K.347
    Winter-Nelson, A.394
    Wobst, P.54
    Zakharenko, R.488
    Zanna, L.F.81
    Zingales, L.388

905Subject Index

    Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAIOFI)432n, 438
    Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries222
    Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA)223
    Africa Mining Vision247
    Africa Progress Panel249
    Africa Report Panel250
    African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF)327–8, 330
    African Economic Community (EAC)224
    African Growth and Opportunities Act (AGOA)33
    African Institute for Remittances (AIR) project719
    African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)31
    African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF)183
    African Union Commission (AUC)373n, 719
    African-Asian Business Forum33
    agency bonds416
    agricultural value chains260
    agriculture, growth and development307–22
      agribusiness development319
      agriculture-led growth (1960s to 1970s)311–12
      agriculture-led growth and poverty reduction (2000s to 2010s)315–16
      challenges and opportunities for agriculture-led growth316–17
      convergence of social and growth policies320–1
      industrialization strategies, renewed319–20
      industry-led growth (1950s to 1970s)308–11
      informal service sector modernization319
      poverty reduction strategies (1990s and 2010s)314–15
      promotion of agricultural productivity growth320
      rural development and basic needs (1970s)312–13
      structural adjustment-led growth (1980s to 1990s)313–14
    Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions (AREAER) 2011 data66n
    Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)224, 226
    Arm’s Length Principle182
    ASEAN plus 6 negotiations806
    Asian Infrastructural Investment Bank (AIIB)807
    Association of African Women for Research and Development (AFARD)561
    attractiveness surveys742
    Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (BEAC)116, 148
    bargaining model232
    bilateral agencies8, 565
    bilateral export intensity751
    bilateral investment treaties381
    Black to Green development278, 283
    Bretton-Woods Agreement114n
    bribe, invest, extract, pollute, and export (BI-EPE)756
    capacity development for transformation325–37, 339, 377
      building capacity in crisis330
      concept and purpose of capacity326–7
      country size337
      dynamic policy capacity336
      empirical analysis339
      geography and capacity329
      human capacity330
      institutional capacity330
      knowledge accumulation and capabilities at individual and organizational level333–6
      legitimacy, flexibility and incentives332
      organizational capacity330, 332
      performance-based definitions327–9
      sequencing capacity329
    cash transfer programs702n
    Center for Global Development805
    Center for Population and Development557
    Central African Federation763
    Central America869
    central banking and monetary policy156–69
      approaches to policy implementation164–5
      inflation and growth dynamics156–7
      markets, depth of and monetary policy transmission, weak161–4
      regulatory mandates, overextension of167–9
    China-Africa Development Fund381
    civil society organizations349, 561
    climate factors and malaria516
    Code of Personal Status (CPS)588, 598
    Cologne terms189
    Commission for Africa379
    Commission on Growth and Development817–18
    Common External Tariff (CET)225, 230
    comparative advantage3, 10, 11–12, 13
      agriculture, growth and development320
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation795–7, 799, 807
      foreign direct investment (FDI)730
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa832
      structural change260
    Condorcet Jury Theorem608
    construction sector46, 645
    Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)282
    contagion and habit formation effects216–17
    corporate social responsibility (CSR)756
    Cotonou agreement222
    Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) score173
    currency:
      convertibility217
      pegs, ‘hard’89
      permitted specialization347
    de-industrialization58, 831
    deficit financing restriction161
    Deloitte and Touche: Tough Choices Facing the South African Mining Industry report (2013)756n
    demographic dividend849–71
      counter-intuitive fact of pre-decline increases in fertility865–6
      countries classified according to potential for fertility decline864
      fertility and contraceptive use trends862–3
      high couple protection rates (CPR)/high unmet need for family planning (FP)863, 864
      high couple protection rates (CPR)/low unmet need for family planning (FP)861, 863, 864
      labor force participation: gender differences868–9, 870
      low couple protection rates (CPR)/high unmet need for family planning (FP)863–4
      low couple protection rates (CPR)/low unmet need for family planning (FP)864
      magnifying demographic dividend: Africa’s relative advantage866–9
      mortality decline as precondition for fertility decline857–60
      natural fertility865
      unmet need for family planning (FP)862–3
    demographic theory601
    demographic transition and economic prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa873–93
      adverse implications for high fertility rates876–80
      arable land to population ratio876–7
      economic progress and continuing risks874–6
      human capital: investment per child878–9
      hypotheses regarding delayed transition884–5
      infrastructure per person879
      population history and projections883
      simulation model of accelerated transition885–90
    Development Aid Program691
    Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA)806
    Development Dialogue559
    disinflation143
    Dutch disease:
      gold mining and economic and social change348
      monetary unions140
      natural resources254
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa846
    dynamic reallocation effect (cross term or interaction term)45–6
    dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models82–3
    East African Cross Border Payment System93
    East African Monetary Institute (EAMI)92
    East Asian financial crisis815, 836
    Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)682
      Priority Program for Economic Recovery (APPER)29
    Economic Community for Central African States (ECCAS)224
    Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (EMCC)225, 227
    economic policy as strategic selection14–16
    employment:
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation796n
      creation and structural transformation796n
      and foreign direct investment (FDI)741
      innovation capabilities for sustainable development274
      international capital flows753
    Employment Protection Legislation measures (World Bank Doing Business (DB) survey)647–9
    Enda Third World (NGO)563
    endogenous policy credibility model82
    endowment structures11
    Enterprise Data Surveys391n
    Euro-Med Agreements222n
    Eurobond holders200
    European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)231
    European Development Fund (EDF)25, 565
    European Partnership Agreements33, 222n
    European Union (EU)-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund381
    excess liquidity syndrome668
    exchange rate5, 74–5, 131
      appreciation and structural change263
      classification and monetary policy issues in sub-Saharan Africa64
      floating or managed68, 92
      gender, growth and development583
      interventions as separate instrument of monetary policy74–5
      liberalization28
      misalignment142
      protection and structural change266
      savings, capital flight and development216
      stability from monetary policy perspective74
    Export-Import Bank845
    export-processing zones (EPZs)267, 737
    export-weighted index127
    expropriation217
    externality problems10
    extract, pollute, export (EPE)756
    Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)255, 349, 756
    Feminist Economics571n
    Final Act of Lagos (FAL)26, 313
    finance-growth nexus models404
    financial institutions429, 664
    financial markets development401–20
      architectural (infrastructural) adequacy404–5
      banking industry indicators of economic relevance414–15
      clearing and settlement system406–7
      competitiveness of banking industry413
      credit to private sector414
      efficiency (liquidity)404
      equity capital404
      ICT facility406
      improvement of stock markets407–8
      industry competitiveness414
      infrastructure support indicators of stock markets406–7
      interest rate spread414
      international capital flows755
      listed firms405
      market capitalization405
      price discovery403
      primary market403
      public stock markets419
      secondary markets for collaterizable assets416
      stock exchanges408
      stock market capitalism407
      stock market indicators of economic relevance405
      traded value405
      turnover ratio405
      virtual integration of bourses408
    Financial Programming71
    financial reform index66n
    financial reporting and disclosure408
    firm, theory of741
    fiscal austerity measures210
    fiscal federalism119
    fiscal revenue cuts24
    fiscal sustainability138
    fiscal theory of the price level (FTPL)75n
    fiscal window192
    fixed sample search and firm cost heterogeneity model358n
    flying geese model794
    Food and Agriculture Organization (UNFAO)806
    food price crisis (2008)317
    food price shocks77–81, 82
      domestic demand pressures80
      domestic shocks to food production78
      food prices and inflation structure77–8, 159
      month inflation dynamics79
      relative food prices79
      response to increase in food prices80–1
    forecasting and policy analysis systems (FPAS)83
    foreign aid See aid
    foreign direct investment (FDI)727–42, 747–50, 752
      agriculture, growth and development317
      anti-foreign investment approaches733
      behavioral theory of the firm730
      benefits and costs734
      business school approach733
      capital theory tradition728, 729
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation795
      dependence approach733
      differential currency areas and effect of exchange rates theory730
      differential rate of return hypothesis729
      dynamic approaches to flows and international production - market imperfections728, 731–3
      and economic growth in host countries754–5
      effects on African economies740–1
      fiscal policy182
      human resources development, productivity and cost740
      Hymer-Kindleberger hypothesis/monopolistic advantage theory728, 730
      industry technology cycle theory730
      inflows by region735
      infrastructure development739
      innovation capabilities for sustainable development273, 275
      integration-responsiveness perspective (I-R paradigm)728, 732–3
      internalization theory728, 730
      international trade tradition/factor endowments model728, 729
      intra-African investment736, 742
      investment development path (IDP)/cycle or dynamic approach to OLI paradigm728, 732
      Kojima Macroeconomic Approach729
      market imperfections and industrial organization theories - assuming imperfect markets728, 730–1
      market power school730
      modernization school734
      Mundell and Hecksher-Ohlin model729
      nationalist approach733
      neo-traditionalist approach733
      neoclassical theories - assuming perfect markets728, 729
      oligopolistic behavior theory730
      operational flexibility732
      policy implications and outlook/prospects741–2
      political economy of aid690
      portfolio theory729
      pro-foreign investment approaches733
      product cycle model729
      risk diversification theory729
      savings, capital flight and development213
      Scandinavian/Uppsala School or internationalization theory - network approach or evolutionary approach728, 731
      standardization729
      strategic flexibility732
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa831, 832
      three-stage internationalization process model731
      traditional economic approach733
    foreign-exchange (FX) interventions74–5
    Forum for China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)33
    future generation funds252
    G5 countries122
    G20 countries249
    Gates Foundation Family Planning (FP) 20/20 initiative864, 866
    GDP per capita:
      foreign direct investment (FDI)732, 738
      gold mining and economic and social change348
      health, growth and development500
      Islamic finance429
      measures of annual income482
    gender parity723
    generalized model of moments (GMM) estimations590
    generalized system of preferences (GSPs)222
    Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)432n
    Global Financial Inclusion (Findex) database390n
    global governance, importance of806–7
    Global Price Reporting Mechanism (GPRM)512n
    Global Structural Transformation (GST) Fund807, 809
    government research institutes (GRIs)279, 281
    Groningen Growth and Development Center (GGDC)43n, 45, 47
    gross national product (GNP)225, 784
    Growth Report9
    Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative186, 191–8, 200, 874
    Heckscher-Ohlin model797
    household consumption smoothing720, 723
    human:
      capital investments, procyclical469
    human development index (HDI)176–7
    human development indicators686
    human resources development572, 740
    Immigration Policy Center of the American Immigration Council712
    import-weighted index127
    income per capita:
      CFA franc zone118
      demographic dividend850
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa830–1
      structural change44
    income poverty rate131
    India59, 258n, 842n
      aid: changing context705
      current growth strategies32, 33
      information technology: economic impacts362–3
      infrastructure381
      innovation capabilities for sustainable development274, 279, 282
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa836
      trade unions656
    induced innovation theory299
    Industrial Development Corporation210–11
    industry-led growth (1950s to 1970s)308–11
    inequality adjusted human development index (IHDI)176–7
    inflation forecast targeting (IFT)68
    inflation targeting (IT)582
    Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA)381, 668
    Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)632
    integrated rural development (IRD) projects312
    Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)195, 806
    inter-generational transfers251–2
    International Accounting Standards (IAS)432n
    international capital markets theory741
    International Decade of the Woman (1975-85)562
    International Energy Agency373n
    International Finance Corporation (IFC)268n
    International Financial Institutions (IFIs)563, 680, 684
    International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)432n
    International Growth Centre Enterprise Maps262n
    International Islamic Liquidity Management (IILM) Corporation437n
    International Labor Organization (ILO)646
    International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)281
    International Monetary Fund (IMF)2–3
      Article VIII of Articles of Agreement66
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation806, 807
      China-Africa engagement779n
      Concessional Trust Funds781
      exchange rate74
      financial markets development402
      fiscal policy173
      flexible monetary targeting71–3
      food price shocks78
      Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model (GIMF)83
      macro-economic stabilization policies313
      mobility, human capital and remittances485
      monetary policy in sub-Saharan Africa63–4
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa831
      women and gender562
    International Organization for Migration (IOM)491
    International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)281
    Islamic Finance Gateway424n
    Islamic finance in North Africa (Shari’a compliance)424–40
      consistency of Islamic finance principles with conventional banking regulation433–6
      demand for services430
      financial development and economic growth429–30
      Ibn Khaldun: economic thought and policy guidance427–8
      integrated financial system development: organizational framework436–8
      management fee438
      mudarib (asset manager for account of asset)434n, 438
      no exploitation433
      no involvement in sinful activities433
      pioneering modern Islamic finance428
      private equity management company437–8
      public policy lessons: dual financial systems framework431–8
      public policy’s role426
      Rab El Mal (owner of asset)434n, 438
      religious and cultural connection to finance426, 427, 439
      Shari’a Advisory Boards437
      Sukuk certificate holders431, 437
    Japan765, 766, 802, 825
      banks6
      debt and debt relief195n
      international capital flows751
      monetary unions133
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa842
      trade unions651
    Kazakhstan13
    Keynesian/Kaleckian models578
    kinship system884
    land degradation assessment methodology (LADA)298
    learning from others model358n
    Lomé agreement222
    low-income agricultural economies (LIAEs)576–7, 580
    low-income countries (LICs)69–70, 703–4
      agriculture, growth and development312–13
      food price shocks81
      innovation capabilities for sustainable development278
      international capital flows750, 754
      structural change257
    Lucas Paradox753
    Maghrebian Collective for Equality566–7
    Marshal Plan781
    Mauritius43n, 830, 843
      capacity development for transformation327
      central banking and monetary policy165
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation822–3, 825
      financial inclusion390
      gender, growth and development576
      infrastructure373
      innovation capabilities for sustainable development274
      regional integration243
      textiles15
    Maxwell Stamp Report766n
    Medium-Term Budget Frameworks (MTBF)173
    Medium-Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS)174
    Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF)173–4
    Millennium Development Goals (MDGs):
      agriculture, growth and development314–15
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation796n
      demographic dividend858
      demographic transition and economic prospects874
      development non-governmental organizations (NGOs)635n
      gender economics589
      infrastructure379
      international capital flows747
    mineral development agreements (MDAs)250
    Ministry of Performance, Monitoring and Evaluation (PME)174
    monetary policy issues in sub-Saharan Africa62–84
      aid and other external flows, management of76–7
      bank deposits, private credit and interest rate spreads66
      broad money growth and inflation67
      capital account openness64
      de facto policy66
      fiscal and monetary policy interactions75–6
      inflation, growth and international reserves65, 67
      macro-variables for East Africa70–1
      monetary transmission mechanism (MTM)69–71
      recent analytical contributions81–3
    money targeting, flexible71–3
    Monrovia Declaration of Commitments (MDC)26
    Monterrey Consensus35
    Mozambique4, 855, 859
      capacity development for transformation329
      central banking and monetary policy157
      China-Africa engagement765
      current growth strategies33n
      debt and debt relief193
      information technology: economic impacts365
      land tenure and agricultural intensification295, 297
      structural adjustment policies830
    multilateral financial institutions7, 8, 133
    multivariate regression models533–4
    National Development Strategy336
    National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies: RePEAT data300
    nationalization6
    natural disasters703
    Natural Resource Charter (NRC)255
    natural resources247–55
      assessment of available resources248
      avoidance of bundling deals250
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation793
      China-Africa engagement777
      debt and debt relief200
      diversification of production and exports254–5
      domestic investment and domestic assets252
      geographical distribution253
      inter-generational transfers251–2
      land tenure and agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa289–90
      negotiation of good contracts249
      production patterns233
      public spending efficiency increase252–3
      Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs)251–2
      state institutions construction to prevent conflict and cessation movements253
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa830
      tax avoidance and transfer pricing249–50
      transfers or dividends to citizens, allocation of254
    Natural Resources Charter247
    New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM) theory713
    New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)31, 33, 224, 315, 747–9, 753
      Democracy and Political Governance Initiative757
      Economic Governance Initiative757
    New Social Contract (NSC)686
    new-Keynesian open economy models82
    NGO Forum at the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing)561–2
    Nigeria:
      central banking and monetary policy157, 167
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation825
      China-Africa engagement775
      country-specific growth strategies26
      current growth strategies33
      debt and debt relief195
      health, growth and development496
      information technology: economic impacts359
      infrastructure376
      innovation capabilities for sustainable development279
      land tenure and agricultural intensification295, 297
      Lumina Foundation614
      mobility, human capital and remittances483, 490
      Ten-year Plan of Development and Welfare24
      trade unions656
    nominal anchor approach121, 125
    Open Budget Survey of the International Budget Partnership (IBP)175
    Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD):
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation798–9, 809
      Competitiveness and Growth: Integration of question of equality of men and women565
      database and remittances712
      Development Assistance Committee755
      Development Center567
      food price shocks77
      high-income countries and regulatory reform and competitiveness445–6
      international capital flows756
      regional integration223
      trade unions648
    Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)-Development Assistance Committee (DAC)704, 706, 797, 805, 807
    Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel6, 133
    original brand manufacturing (OBM)278
    original design manufacturing (ODM)278
    original equipment manufacturing (OEM)273, 277–8
    overlapping generations model (OGM)783, 785
    overvaluation266
    Peace Research Institution (Oslo)188n
    Penn World Tables889
    performance index178
    performance-based budgeting (PBB)173
    Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH)252
    Plaza Accord122
    policy:
      harmonization35
      intervention275
    Political and Economic Union229
    population structure and marriage535, 537
    President’s Investors Advisory Councils268
    Programme of Action to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment (PAMSCAD)29
    Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA)373n
    Prospective Africaine (African Prospective)558
    public investment management (PIM) systems252–3
    public-private partnerships (PPPs)380, 805
    Publish What You Pay349
    Rand Corporation778
    Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP)94
    regional integration33, 35, 222–44
      average distance of trade235
      efficiency and distributional effects233–6
      free trade zone or tripartite FTA244
      fuel, ores and metals exports by RTS groups234
      gains from deep integration and trade facilitation: gravity-based estimates241–3
      infrastructure374
      monetary unions103
      North-South33
      plurilateral preferential trade agreements226–9
      regulatory reform and competitiveness456
      share of intraregional imports to total regional imports238
      South-South33
      trade creation and trade diversion237–41
      trade effects of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs)235
      trade facilitation244
      trade intensity235
    regulatory reform and competitiveness gap443–56
      ease of doing business446
      global regulatory reform movement447–8
      intensity and quality of regulation447
      quality of institutions445
      regionalization of regulation to enhance policy credibility and commitment452
      regionalization of regulation to mitigate representation bias and facilitate commitment450–2
      regionalization to overcome technical capacity constraints452–3
      regulatory complexity and cost reduction446
      regulatory governance445
    resource gap747
    resource-rich countries:
      aid: changing context701
      capacity development for transformation328–9
      international capital flows752
      natural resources250
      structural change267
    resource-rich low-income countries379
    resources for infrastructure (RfI) arrangements250, 809
    returns to education, enrolment and attainment461–76
      adjusted net enrolment rates466
      control function approach462
      coordination failures474
      cultural factors471
      disease epidemics471
      findings on returns to education472–3
      food for education (FFE) programs469
      free lunch programs (FLPs)469
      health and ability470
      heterogeneity in returns to education474–5
      in-school feeding programs (SFP)469
      infrastructure development471
      literacy rates465
      mean years of schooling468
      measurement of returns to education462–4
      methods used to estimate returns to education462–4
      Mincer wage equation475n
      nutritional status470
      parents’ education and attitudes471
      physical capital and technology474
      poverty and poverty alleviation476
      primary adjusted net enrolment rates (PANER)465, 468
      primary completion rate465
      primary enrolment rates468
      private rate of return (PROR)462
      rate of return (full method) approach462
      reasons for measuring returns to education464
      reduced costs of education469
      secondary gross enrolment rates (SGERs)466–7
      social benefit and social rate of return462, 464
      social costs of education464
      sub-Saharan Africa education challenges468
      supply-sided factors471
      take-home ration (THR)469
      transportation costs and distance factors471
      variation in education demand464
    Revenue Watch349
    Review of Income and Wealth47
    Roadmap for the ECOWAS Single Currency Programme93–4
    Rockefeller Foundation281, 282
    Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs)392
    São Tomé and Principe855
    saving and development205–11
      average GDP saving ratio to GDP209
      evaluation of economic policies for promotion of domestic saving210–11
      gross domestic investment208
      gross domestic savings208
      investment-saving gap208
      mandatory saving in civil service210
      private saving219
      public saving and loan institutions209, 210, 219
      saving as condition for growth205–6
      saving as hedge against shocks207–9
      saving and sustainable growth211
      trend in saving rates210
    savings-investment gap781
    securities market index163
    Securities Markets, Insurance and Pension Funds167
    semi-industrialized export economies (SIEs)575–7, 579
    Send Money Africa remittance price database719
    sequential search and firm cost heterogeneity model358n
    services41, 43–4, 46, 50, 56–7, 318n, 319
      aid: changing context706
      central banking and monetary policy160
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation817
      employment shares50
      foreign direct investment (FDI)735
      international capital flows754
      occupational structure49
      structural change49
    single currency union34, 94
    Small Business Administration845
    small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)283
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation805
      financial inclusion391
      foreign direct investment (FDI)742
      Islamic finance429
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa845
    Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)567
    social network (SN) theory713
    social services sector322, 781
    South Africa Reserve Bank (SARB)94n, 101, 103
    South Africa’s garment industry: Chinese private investment762, 768–73, 774–6, 779
      ANC government772
      apartheid system769
      Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (1971)769
      Minister/Department of Labor772
      National Bargaining Council (NBC) for the Clothing Manufacturing Industry768–9, 772–3
      Natives Representative Council769
      Newcastle Chinese Chamber of Commerce769
      passes and curfews769
      Sharpeville Massacre770
      Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers Union (SACTWU)768
    South Asia869
      demographic dividend867
      financial inclusion400
      gender economics590
      health, growth and development495
      land tenure and agricultural intensification294, 296
      political economy of aid682
      regulatory reform and competitiveness446, 454
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa844
    Southern African Customs Union (SACU)101, 228, 230
    Soviet Gosplan6, 132
    Spence Commission on Growth and Development268n
    stability pacts250
    static reallocation effect45–6
    Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)179
    Structural Adjustment Lending Programs (SALs)686–7, 690
    structuralism3, 14
    subsidiarity principle225, 244
    sustainable development35, 703
    Switzerland59
    System of Rice Intensification (SRI)281–2
    Taylor principle76
    textile industry561
    threshold model158
    Tomlinson Commission Report770n
    Trade Complementarity Index (TCI)230
    Trade, Currency and Political Union228
    trade unions in South Africa641–59
      African National Congress (ANC)657
      apartheid/anti-apartheid movement641, 644
      Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU)645n, 658
      bargaining councils (BCs)(formerly industrial councils (ICs))642, 644, 647, 650
      Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BECA)646–7
      collective relations index650
      Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA)647
      conditional labor market mobility643
      Confederation of South African Workers’ Union (CONSAWU)644
      Department of Labor (DoL) Annual Report on Industrial Action654–5
      education limitations (legislation)643
      employees’ right to unionize650
      employers’ associations644
      Employment Conditions Commission (ECC)647
      Employment Protection Legislation measures (World Bank Doing Business (DB) survey)647–9
      Extension of Security of Tenure Act (ESTA)(1997)653n
      Federation of Unions of South Africa (FEDUSA)644
      floating job bar643
      impact of unions and legislation on labor market outcomes649–56
      Industrial Conciliation Acts642–4
      international trade sanctions643
      joint liaison committees643
      Labor Force Survey (LFS) data650, 652
      labor market efficiency649
      labor market institutions (post-1994)646–9
      labor regulation measures by income level648
      labor union power index650
      Land Act (1913)642
      membership of public and private sector employees in formal sector645
      Mines and Works Act (1911)642
      National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU)644
      National Economic Development and Labor Council (NEDLAC)658
      National Party643
      National Union of Mineworkers (NUM)645, 658
      organizational capacity653
      population groups642n
      privatization of public enterprises657
      property rights658
      racial segregation and marginalization642, 643, 645
      Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP)657
      registration643
      Settlement of Disputes Act (1973)643
      South African Communist Party (SACP)657
      Soweto uprising (1976)643
      strike depth655
      strike length655
      strikers’ workdays lost656
      trade union power, measures of651
      union density estimates for OECD countries and South Africa646
      urban residence denial (legislation)643
      Wiehahn and Riekert Commissions (1979)643–4
    trilateralism806
    tripartite cooperation236, 279
    Uganda:
      agriculture, growth and development321
      aid: changing context704
      current growth strategies33n
      development banks666
      development non-governmental organizations (NGOs)631
      Electronic Dollar a Day saving scheme396
      fiscal policy175
      flexible money targeting73
      health, growth and development496
      information technology: economic impacts365
      Market Information Service606
      mobility, human capital and remittances484
      monetary policy issues63, 68
      Social Action Fund702n
    United National Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)247
    United Nations:
      agencies34
      Arab Human Development Report (2009)688–9
      China-Africa engagement764, 766
      Commission for Trade and Development (UNCTAD)188, 777
      Conference on Sustainable Development272
      demographic transition and economic prospects875, 883
      Development Program (UNDP)484, 559, 693
        index of human development (IHD)567
        Report on the Arab World (2012)688–9
      gender economics597
      General Assembly561
      Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)283
      international capital flows751
      International Year of Microcredit (2005)565
      mobility, human capital and remittances491
      Population Fund (UNFPA)557
      Post-2015 High-Level Panel809
      Secretary General512
      Statistical Division for Africa390n
      structural change266
    University of Uppsala Conflict Data Program188n
    Urgency, Rehabilitation, Development (URD)557
    Venice Terms191
    virtual high population density model420
    Volker disinflation69
    welfare outcomes in health, growth and development494, 495, 498–9
    West African Central Bank94
    West African Monetary Authority94
    West African Monetary Institute (WAMI)94
    World Bank8–9, 16–17
      Adjustment in Africa report (1994)9
      agriculture, growth and development307n, 312
      aid: changing context698n
      Booster program512
      central banking and monetary policy157, 161
      CFA franc zone123
      China-Africa cooperation in structural transformation806, 809, 824
      China-Africa engagement764
      Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) rates198
      Employing Workers indices650n
      employment shares54
      enterprise surveys706n
      financial inclusion390n
      financial markets development402, 412
      GDP per capita measures of annual income482
      Gender and Economic Empowerment in India867
      gender economics598
      Global Development Horizon804
      gold mining and economic and social change345, 349
      innovation capabilities for sustainable development274, 282, 283
      international surveys178
      light manufacturing study825n
      Living Standard Measurement Surveys502
      Making Finance Work for Africa (2006) study162
      mobility, human capital and remittances484
      monetary policy in sub-Saharan Africa63n
      Paying Taxes report183
      Regional Highlights of the World Development Indicators721
      structural adjustment policies in Sub-Saharan Africa831
      structural change268n
      Trade Logistics Index261
    World Bank-International Monetary Fund (IMF) Low Income Countries Debt Sustainability Analysis171–2
    World Federation of Development Financial Institutions (WFDFI)666
    World Health Organization (WHO)512, 513
    Yaounde Convention25
    Zaire6
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