
Contents
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Background Background
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Situational Strength’s Functional Mechanisms Situational Strength’s Functional Mechanisms
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Process Overview Process Overview
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Situational Components Situational Components
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Situational Strength’s Facet Structure Situational Strength’s Facet Structure
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Clarity Clarity
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Consistency Consistency
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Constraints Constraints
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Consequences Consequences
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Global situational strength Global situational strength
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Within-Person Processes Within-Person Processes
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Between-Person Components Between-Person Components
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Statistical Components Statistical Components
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Perceptual Influences and Effects Perceptual Influences and Effects
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Differential Sensitivity to Situational Strength Cues Differential Sensitivity to Situational Strength Cues
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Personality Strength as a Perceptual Influencer of Situational Strength Personality Strength as a Perceptual Influencer of Situational Strength
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Stimulus Proximity and Situational Strength Stimulus Proximity and Situational Strength
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Backfire effects Backfire effects
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Assembling the Pieces Assembling the Pieces
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Measuring Situational Strength Measuring Situational Strength
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Testing the Proposed Underlying Process Testing the Proposed Underlying Process
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Implications and Future Research Implications and Future Research
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Situational Strength’s Effects on Attitude-Behavior Relationships Situational Strength’s Effects on Attitude-Behavior Relationships
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Differentiating Situational Strength from Situational Content Differentiating Situational Strength from Situational Content
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Situational Strength and the Criteria for Good Theory Situational Strength and the Criteria for Good Theory
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Truth Truth
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Abstraction Abstraction
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Progress Progress
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Applicability Applicability
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Note Note
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References References
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6 Situational Strength Theory: A Formalized Conceptualization of a Popular Idea
Get accessRustin D. Meyer, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Elnora D. Kelly, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
Nathan A. Bowling, Wright State University, Department of Psychology
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Published:05 April 2018
Cite
Abstract
The notion that individual differences (e.g., personality traits) predict behavior and relevant outcomes in “weak” situations (i.e., when people are left to their own devices to determine what to do) but not in “strong” situations (i.e., when situations provide people with unmistakable cues about what to do) is often treated as a truism among psychologists (Cooper & Withey, 2009). Although many studies support this general idea, its intuitive appeal may have dissuaded researchers from treating situational strength as a meaningful construct in its own right. This chapter attempts to remedy this state of affairs by (a) proposing a formalized theory of situational strength that outlines this construct’s functional mechanisms, (b) demonstrating how this knowledge can be used to develop testable hypotheses (e.g., pertaining to the criterion-oriented validity of individual differences), and (c) exploring several theoretical and practical implications of this theory for both science and practice.
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