
Contents
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What Is Relational Context? What Is Relational Context?
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Relationship Type Relationship Type
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Relational Character Relational Character
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Developmental Stage of Relationships Developmental Stage of Relationships
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Relationship Histories (and Forecasted Futures) Relationship Histories (and Forecasted Futures)
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A Broader Point: Relationships Make Up Social Networks and Culture A Broader Point: Relationships Make Up Social Networks and Culture
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Relational Context Matters Relational Context Matters
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Relational Context Is Often Neglected in Psychological Research Relational Context Is Often Neglected in Psychological Research
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Prosocial Behavior Depends upon Relational Context Prosocial Behavior Depends upon Relational Context
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Frequency of Prosocial Behavior Frequency of Prosocial Behavior
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Content of Prosocial Behavior Content of Prosocial Behavior
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Antecedents of Prosocial Behavior Antecedents of Prosocial Behavior
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Consequences of Prosocial Behavior Consequences of Prosocial Behavior
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Patterns of Prosocial Behavior Patterns of Prosocial Behavior
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Perception of Prosocial Behavior Perception of Prosocial Behavior
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Social Influence Depends on Relational Context Social Influence Depends on Relational Context
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Relationship Context Determines the Strength of Influence Relationship Context Determines the Strength of Influence
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Close partners are more trusted and, thus, persuasive Close partners are more trusted and, thus, persuasive
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Close partners are more attractive and, thus, persuasive Close partners are more attractive and, thus, persuasive
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Close partners are more assertive and, thus, persuasive Close partners are more assertive and, thus, persuasive
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Social Influence over Social Networks Social Influence over Social Networks
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Person Perception Depends upon Relational Context Person Perception Depends upon Relational Context
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Relationship Context Shapes Prejudice toward Outgroups Relationship Context Shapes Prejudice toward Outgroups
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Relationship Context Shapes Person Perception Accuracy Relationship Context Shapes Person Perception Accuracy
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Relationship Context Shapes Operation of Biases in Person Perception Relationship Context Shapes Operation of Biases in Person Perception
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Relationship Context Alters Whether Person Perception Is like Self-Perception Relationship Context Alters Whether Person Perception Is like Self-Perception
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Self-Concept Depends on Relational Context Self-Concept Depends on Relational Context
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Self-Definition Varies across Relational Contexts Self-Definition Varies across Relational Contexts
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Relationship Maintenance Goals Produce Variability in Self-Definition Relationship Maintenance Goals Produce Variability in Self-Definition
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Partners’ Evaluative Standards Become Self-Evaluative Standards Partners’ Evaluative Standards Become Self-Evaluative Standards
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Relationship Context Modifies Positivity Biases Relationship Context Modifies Positivity Biases
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Partners’ Views of the Self Are Internalized Partners’ Views of the Self Are Internalized
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Partners’ Qualities Are Incorporated into Self-Definition Partners’ Qualities Are Incorporated into Self-Definition
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Self-Regulation Depends on Relational Context Self-Regulation Depends on Relational Context
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Relational Context Shapes What Goals Are Valued Relational Context Shapes What Goals Are Valued
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Relational Context Shapes Expectancy for Goal Pursuit Relational Context Shapes Expectancy for Goal Pursuit
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Relational Context Shapes Resource Availability Relational Context Shapes Resource Availability
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Relational Context Elicits Goal Contagion Relational Context Elicits Goal Contagion
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Evaluative Judgments of Non-social Entities Depend on Relationship Context Evaluative Judgments of Non-social Entities Depend on Relationship Context
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By-Standing Romantic Partners or Friends Attenuate Judgments of Environmental Threats By-Standing Romantic Partners or Friends Attenuate Judgments of Environmental Threats
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The Presence of Helpless Partners Can Exacerbate Judgments of Threat The Presence of Helpless Partners Can Exacerbate Judgments of Threat
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Concluding Comments Concluding Comments
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Note Note
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References References
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4 Other People as Situations: Relational Context Shapes Psychological Phenomena
Get accessMargaret S. Clark, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Edward P. Lemay, Jr., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Published:05 April 2018
Cite
Abstract
Researchers usually construe situations in terms of their impact on individuals, taking little account of a fundamental feature of situations: Who else is involved or implicated in that situation and what is the nature of the relationship between those persons? This chapter provides a framework for conceptualizing these relationship effects, followed by a review of relationship-context effects in six prominent areas of social-psychological research: prosocial behavior, social influence, person perception, self-concept, self-regulation, and evaluative judgments. This review indicates that relationship contexts are one of the most powerful and pervasive situational influences fundamentally shaping human behavior. In the chapter we further argue that any conceptualization of situations that seeks to be comprehensive must incorporate these relationship context effects.
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