The Oxford Handbook of Political Executives
Rudy B. Andeweg (ed.)
et al.
Published online:
06 August 2020
Published in print:
30 July 2020
Online ISBN:
9780191846762
Print ISBN:
9780198809296
Contents
End Matter
Index
-
Published:July 2020
Annotate
Cite
'Index', in Rudy B. Andeweg, and others (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Executives, Oxford Handbooks (2020; online edn, Oxford Academic, 6 Aug. 2020), https://doi.org/, accessed 10 May 2025.
Subject
Politics
Series
Oxford Handbooks
Collection:
Oxford Handbooks Online
Index of Names
- Ackerman, B. A.44
- Adams, A.270
- Adolph, C.753
- al-Assad, H.728
- Alemán, E.104, 106, 254, 268, 295, 301, 309, 389, 401, 426, 434, 549, 552–5, 557, 558, 561, 562, 565
- Alemeida, P.663
- Al-Qaddafi, M.696
- al-Wahhab, A.719
- Amin, I.763
- Andeweg, R. B.1, 2, 4, 6, 8–10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 53, 60, 101, 106, 236, 245, 313, 326, 332, 438, 440, 444, 445, 447, 448, 452, 453, 460, 462–6, 468, 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 642, 648, 662
- Anduiza, E.643
- Aquinus, T.721
- Arnold, P.29
- Arthur, W.30
- Asseburg, M.729
- Aubin, D.516
- Augustus28
- Avelino, G.639
- Bailon, G.348
- Baird, V.585
- Bale, T.663
- Banai, B.663
- Banducci, S.666
- Bara, J.333
- Barberà, O.246
- Barrio, A.246
- Batista, M.436
- Baturo, A.212, 220, 225, 231, 234, 240, 245, 258, 259, 269, 451, 454, 611, 620, 733, 734, 736, 738–40, 742, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754
- Bauman, Z.29
- Bearfield, D. A.510
- Beblawi, H.731
- Becher, M.639
- Beland, D.165
- Bélanger, É.643
- Benardo, L.352
- Bendix, R.33
- Berganza, R.605
- Bergman, T.22, 109, 236, 245, 248, 250, 304, 310–12, 328, 332, 335, 385, 387, 396, 397, 399, 453, 455, 458, 476, 479, 480, 667
- Bernard, H. R.126
- Benardo, L.340
- Berry, J. M.351
- Bértoa, F. C.355
- Besaw, C.292
- Bhumibol, king of Thailand14
- Blair, T.67, 86, 123, 125, 128, 163, 180, 197, 245, 282, 290, 292, 340, 380, 455, 464, 492, 498, 598, 599, 601, 603, 604, 620, 663, 666
- Blondel, J.3, 11, 18, 130, 145, 197, 198, 200, 205, 225, 229, 231, 232, 234, 235, 239, 245–7, 250, 258, 269, 323, 333, 337–9, 341–4, 352, 385, 399, 400, 403, 404, 408, 417, 438–40, 443–5, 447–9, 453–8, 472, 476, 477, 479, 648, 662
- Bolsonaro, J.5
- Bonaparte, N.28
- Bondfield, M.255
- Borrelli, S.644
- Bose, M.667
- Bradstock, A.185
- Brady, H. E.624
- Bramlett, B. H.639
- Braudel, F.33
- Brnacík, A.131
- Brown, M. E.293
- Bruck, H. W.85
- Brule, D. J.645
- Brulle, R. J.164
- Brusis, M.18
- Brødsgaard, K. E.751
- Burch, T.624
- Bush, George W.8, 43, 44, 66, 67, 89, 165, 279–80, 282, 292, 417, 487, 500, 506, 519, 545, 566, 641, 668, 669
- Bynander, F.87
- Caesar, J.27–8
- Caldeira, B.587
- Caldeira, G.585
- Cardenas, L.743
- Cardoso, F. H.379
- Carey, J. M.98–100, 104, 106, 107, 109, 215, 219, 220, 225, 254, 269, 299–300, 301, 304, 312, 382–4, 386–94, 401, 405, 406, 419, 426, 437, 555, 558, 562, 708, 713
- Carlotti, B.457
- Carver, K. A.146
- Cavarozzi, M.226
- Celis, K.143–6
- Chalmers, A. W.620
- Chávez, H.218
- Che-Hua Yu, E.228
- Cheibub, J. A.52, 61, 236, 246, 295, 300–2, 304, 310, 384, 398, 399, 421–3, 434, 435, 548, 549, 562, 695, 710, 768–71
- Chirac, J.599
- Chow, C.498
- Christansen, T.689
- Christiansen, F. J.639
- Chubb, J. E.519
- Cigler, A. J.624
- Clegg, S. R.61
- Colbert, A. E.500
- Coleman, J. S.453
- Coleman, K. M.640
- Coleman, S.606
- Collings, D.128
- Connolly, S.691
- Conti, N.457
- Cooke, R.113
- Corcaci, A.61
- Cormack, R.206
- Cottam, R.281
- Courtright, S. H.500
- Cox, R. H.165
- Cresson, E.657
- Crines, A.163
- Dahlmann, C. M.543
- Dalová, M.454
- Dăncilă, V.131
- Davis, G.127
- De Alencar, H.766
- De Gaulle, C.367
- Denemark, R. A.89
- DeWalt, B. R.126
- DeWalt, K. M.112
- Dimitrakopoulos, D. G.692
- Dixon, R.562
- Doherty, D.290
- Dolez, B.226
- Dönmez, P. E.620
- Dorussen, H.643
- Doser, W. J.61
- Dowding, K.8, 19, 59, 61, 106, 231, 233, 236, 245, 247, 315, 323–6, 332, 333, 343, 352, 353, 366, 367, 379, 441, 450, 454, 455, 660, 662, 664
- Dowling, C. M.290
- Drahos, P.643
- Dryzek, J. S.149
- Dunleavy, P.15, 16, 19, 21, 54, 61, 64, 127, 166, 365, 369, 379, 385–7, 395, 396, 399, 440, 442, 455, 458, 465, 477, 532, 543
- Durnová, A.164
- Dutt, N.640
- Eberlein, B.663
- Eckhard, C.61
- Eisend, M.43
- Elgie, R.2, 4, 6, 8, 10–12, 14–16, 18–20, 22, 49, 51, 52, 62, 156, 157, 164, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204–6, 209, 211, 215, 218, 223–6, 295, 301, 304, 310, 359, 360, 362, 364, 366, 368–70, 372, 374, 376, 378–80, 383–6, 389–91, 394, 398, 399, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412–14, 416–18, 422, 423, 434, 435, 442–4, 450, 452, 455, 471, 477, 480, 508, 517, 550, 561, 563, 564, 580, 584, 648, 664, 743, 751
- Engeli, I.269
- Escobar-Lemmon, M.132–4, 139, 146, 255, 257–60, 264, 270, 323, 326, 334, 420, 433, 547, 548, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558, 560, 562–4
- Faletti, T. G.62
- Farage, N.180
- Faschingbauer, T. R.292
- Feaver, P. D.641
- Finifter, A. W.18
- Fraussen, B.621
- Freud, S.496
- Fridolin, G.330
- Fujimori, A.135
- Fukuyama, F.33
- Fulbright, W. J.293
- Gagnon, A. G.453
- Galeotti, A.455
- Gallego, A.643
- Garcia, F. L.436
- Geddes, B.696, 698–701, 705, 707, 711, 715, 722, 725, 730, 733, 734, 737, 745, 748, 751, 755, 757, 761, 763–5, 770, 772
- Gélineau, F.643
- Gerschewski, J.773
- Ghandi, J.92
- Ghiglino, C.455
- Gill, M.250
- Gill, P.292
- Ginsberg, W. R.625
- Glazer, A.543
- Gleditsch, K.455
- Goetz, K. H.11, 12, 18, 19, 31, 42, 45–50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60–2, 64, 65, 136, 188, 445, 455, 531, 544, 659, 665
- Goodin, R. E.354
- Gore, A.566
- Gornick, L. J.85
- Gornitzka, A.50
- Graber, D.605
- Gray, V.624
- Greenstein, F. I.20, 27, 42, 70, 77, 85, 86, 126, 191, 206, 275, 283, 289, 290, 400, 456, 485, 498, 649–50, 665, 712
- Gregorius VII, Catholic Pope3
- Groeneveld, S.64
- Grosz, E.147
- Grote, G.33
- Guofeng, H.743
- Haldon, J.206
- Hale, H.708
- Hamblin, R. L.773
- Hammerschmid, G.542
- Hammond, T.543
- Harnisch, S.732
- Hasina, S.131
- Haspel, M.437
- Hatemi, P. K.88
- Hatfield, M.289
- Haugaard, M.61
- Hayton, R.163
- Hearl, D.479
- Hee, C.767
- Heer, N.751
- Hegel, G. W. F.546
- Heine, H.131
- Helms, L.1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10–12, 14, 16, 18–20, 22, 48, 51, 54, 55, 62, 63, 156, 165, 170, 173, 184, 190, 206, 220, 226, 241, 248, 348, 353, 359, 361, 366, 368, 373, 380, 441, 442, 444–7, 453, 455, 456, 463, 476, 477, 481, 485, 486, 495, 497–9, 529, 544, 555, 563, 598, 599, 602, 604, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654–8, 660–2, 664–6, 668, 670, 683, 691
- Henig, J. R.622
- Henry IV, king of England3
- Henry, K.198
- Heppell, T.669
- Hermann, M. G.10, 20, 66–74, 76–90, 188, 193, 204, 276, 277, 278, 283, 284, 289–91, 481, 483, 493, 494, 496, 498, 500, 650, 665
- Herodotus25
- Herron, E. S.226
- Hertwig, R.290
- Heyen, E. V.520
- Hitler, A.274
- Hockin, T. A.381
- Hoet, D.517
- Hogan, J.621
- Hojnacki, M.351
- Hollenbach, F. M.333
- Hollingworth, P. J.180
- Honig, B.149
- Houck, S. C.85
- Huang, T.226
- Huber, J. D.96, 99, 101, 102, 108, 241, 248, 290, 317, 324–6, 329, 334, 527, 529, 544, 549, 551, 553, 564, 614, 622, 648, 666
- Hudson, M. C.730
- Hymes, D. H.127
- Hyunjung Mo, C.665
- Ihlen, Ø.606
- Indriðason, I. H.91, 92, 94, 96–102, 104, 106, 108, 189, 234, 248, 318, 321, 324, 326, 334, 454, 466, 467, 476, 478, 639, 641, 652, 666
- Isaksson, G.-E.379
- Jäckel, E.18
- Jackson, W.500
- Jakobsdóttir, K.131
- Jalalzai, F.131, 133, 136, 137, 141, 145, 146, 231, 233, 238, 245, 248, 255, 257–60, 263, 269–71, 659, 666
- James, T. S.663
- Jarvis, M.605
- Jeffreys, E.206
- Jemin, J.66
- Jenkins, J. A.665
- Jintao, H.66
- Johanssen, K.406
- Johnson, B.180
- Johnson, E.268
- Johnson, J.225
- Johnson, N. J.146
- Jones, P. E.624
- Juncker, J.-C.693
- Kaarbo, J.1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 66, 68, 70, 72–4, 76, 78–80, 82, 84–8, 90, 188, 193, 204, 283, 289–91, 446, 452, 456, 467, 478
- Kantola, J.145
- Kaser, M.750
- Kasuya, Y.436
- Keller, J. W.12, 19, 76, 86, 88, 277, 278, 283–5, 290, 291, 481–6, 488, 490, 492–4, 496–500, 745, 752
- Kennon, A.563
- Khaldun, I.28
- Khalili, L.729
- Kimball, D. C.351
- King, A.7, 9, 20, 340, 353, 373, 380, 382, 385, 387, 395, 396, 400, 440, 444, 456, 499, 558, 564, 758, 772
- King, R. F.418
- Kinnock, N.680
- Kissinger, H.293
- Klingen, B.625
- Knill, C.61
- Kollontai, A.255
- König, T.563
- Kornberg, A.640
- Kriesberg, L.87
- Kuchma, L.699
- Kuczynski, P. P.341
- Kudamatsu, M.751
- Kuhonta, E. M.754
- Kurz, S.243
- Kuugongelwa-Amadhila, S.131
- Lafay, J.643
- Lamari, M.478
- Landis, M.667
- Larkin, P.563
- Lassman, P.185
- Lau, R.87
- Laumann, E. O.622
- Lauren, M.127
- Laurent, A.226
- Lauth, H. J.750
- Lavenex, S.603
- Laver, M.97, 105, 108, 295–8, 311, 318, 320–2, 330, 333, 334, 385, 395, 400, 440, 441, 443, 444, 447, 450, 455–7, 465, 477, 478, 627, 638, 639, 642, 643
- Leary, B. O.379
- Leiber, S.690
- Lenore, G. M.731
- Leoniv, K.33
- Lerner, M.85
- Levi, M.225
- Lewinsky, M.173
- Leyden, K. M.644
- Lindstädt, R.584
- Linz, J.52, 56, 61, 63, 210, 218, 226, 301, 302, 304, 311, 312, 382–4, 388, 395, 400, 419, 421–3, 434–7, 547, 564, 704, 712, 719, 722, 729, 731, 734, 752
- Lippett, R.499
- Lipset, S.33
- Liu, M.753
- Livy29
- Lloyd George, D.359
- Löffler, L.542
- Louis IV, king of France717
- Lowe, W.64
- Lowery, D.624
- Lucas, V.710
- Ludlam, S.603
- Lund, M. S.626
- Luther, M.483
- MacArthur, D.70
- MacGregor, J.600
- Mach, A.621
- Mackenzie, G. C.518
- Mackuen, M.640
- MacLean, B.127
- MacLeod, I.622
- Macpherson, C. B.184
- Magone, J. M.19
- Mahler, J. L.125
- Maloney, W.622
- Mancini, C.605
- Mandelson, P.124
- Margalit, Y.664
- Margrethe II, queen of Denmark131
- Markievicz, C.255
- Markwat, N.667
- Marlin, M.771
- Marlin-Romeo, L.131
- Marquez, L. M. M.620
- Marschak, J.293
- Marsh, K.88
- Martínez-Gallardo, C.101, 108, 241, 248, 295, 301, 302, 306, 310, 311, 317, 324–6, 329, 334, 398, 400, 427, 436, 549, 562, 640, 652, 667
- Martinez Kuhonta, E.754
- Masciulli, J.381
- Mata, R.290
- Mathiasen, A.543
- Mayhew, D. R.195
- Mazmanian, D.584
- McAuley, A.584
- McCarthy, J. D.710
- McDonald, M.478
- McGuire, C. B.293
- McQuail, D.605
- Meier, H. E.332
- Merkle, S.604
- Mettler, S.20
- Metz, J.690
- Midlarsky, M. I.642
- Mikkelsen, K. S.64
- Miller, J. L.773
- Mnangagwa, E.755
- Mohammad bin Salman, Crown Prince728
- Molchanov, M. A.381
- Möller, H.18
- Mommsen, T.33
- Monro, S.165
- Montalvo, J. G.246
- Monti, M.603
- Moore, B.33
- Moore, P.131
- Morozumi, A.645
- Morth, U.87
- Moseley, A.546
- Moss, G.606
- Mottley, M. A.131
- Mubarak, H.728
- Mugabe, R.755
- Muhammad483
- Mullan, A. K.625
- Müller, D.625
- Müller, W. C.22, 97, 109, 236, 245, 248–50, 295, 310–12, 316, 332, 334, 335, 396, 399, 439, 443, 445, 453, 455, 457, 458, 465, 466, 469, 475, 476, 479, 480, 542, 644, 667, 684, 691
- Müller-Rommel, F.1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10–12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 51, 55, 62, 64, 191, 200, 205, 229, 230, 232–4, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248–50, 258, 267, 271, 339, 352, 355, 385, 399, 408, 417, 443, 445–7, 451, 453–5, 457, 458, 475, 478, 508, 514, 520, 558, 647, 648, 662, 665
- Munk Christiansen, P.545
- Muñoz-Pogossian, B.226
- Murphy, G.621
- Murphy, S. E.183
- Musharraf, P.763
- Nachmias, D.453
- Napolitano, G.14
- Nasser, A.756
- Nelson, B. J.146
- Nelson, R. L.622
- Niemi, R. G.641–3
- Nieto, P.83
- Norpoth, H.643
- Norval, A. J.165
- Noury, A.477
- Nunley, J.292
- Obote, M.763
- Olar, R. G.773
- Orbán, V.5
- Orlowski, M.333
- Orsini, M.164
- Ozinga, J.752
- O’Brien, D. Z.131–3, 135, 139, 143–5, 147, 148, 238, 245, 248, 251, 254–8, 260, 262, 265–7, 269–71, 317, 323, 324, 334, 560, 564
- O’Loughlin, P. L.146
- O’Neal630
- Padgett, S.380
- Palin, S.145
- Pallas, J.603
- Pallot, J.543
- Pandey, S. K.499
- Paolino, P.225
- Papadopoulos, Y.690
- Papatan, H.606
- Papathanassopoulos, S.605
- Park, J. K.584
- Park Chung Hee767
- Park Guen-hye142
- Parker, C.87
- Parry, K.606
- Pavela Banai, I.663
- Pedroni, A.290
- Pekkanen, R. J.226
- Pelgrims, C.517
- Pena Nieto, E.83
- Peres, S.289
- Peréz-Liñán, A.435
- Pericles179
- Perón, J. P.762
- Perot, R.225
- Petermann, A.43
- Peters, B. G.6, 7, 13, 18, 21, 45, 47–9, 52, 54, 61, 64, 65, 187, 188, 206, 366, 380, 446, 458, 486, 499, 504, 506, 507, 510, 517, 518, 520, 527, 531–3, 535, 540, 542, 543, 545, 546, 647, 663
- Petersen, N. B. G.543
- Peterson, B. D.665
- Peterson, J.691
- Peterson, P. E.519
- Petracca, M. P.623
- Petruzzelli, J. D.625
- Phillips, J.184
- Pickel, G.750
- Pickel, S.750
- Piedrafita, S.689
- Platow, M. J.86
- Plattner, M. F.564
- Plutarch25
- Poguntke, T.8, 12, 21, 56, 64, 247, 323, 335, 337, 348, 354, 359–63, 365–71, 373–8, 380, 381, 395, 401, 441, 458, 474, 478, 479, 509, 520, 681, 692
- Poletti, A.622
- Princen, S.689
- Prodi, R.689
- Proksch, S.-O.563
- Ptolemy421
- Raaphorst, N.64
- Rabin, Y.289
- Radner, R.293
- Ram, M.753
- Ramesh, M.621
- Reddaway, P.750
- Rehmert, J.311
- Reicher, S. D.86
- Reifler, J.641
- Reinemann, C.603
- Rhodes, R. A. W.4, 10, 15, 16, 19–22, 44, 48, 49, 63, 64, 87, 89, 110–12, 114, 116–28, 152, 157, 159, 163, 164, 166, 189, 193, 339, 343, 354, 367, 369, 370, 379, 381, 385, 386, 399, 439–43, 447, 453, 455, 456, 458, 459, 470, 476, 479, 480, 483, 484, 500, 517, 520, 565, 647, 662, 668, 713
- Richards, D.457
- Rieskamp, J.290
- Riggio, R.184
- Riggs, F. W.458
- Rios-Figueroa, R.584
- Roberst, M.63
- Roberts, K. M.20
- Robertson, D.479
- Rodríguez Teruel, J.246
- Rokkan, S.33
- Roland, G.477
- Rosen, M.585
- Rousseau, J.-J.721
- Ruiz-Rufino, R.730
- Rumsey, M. G.669
- Ryan, M.666
- Ryan, P.145
- Sabatier, P.584
- Sajo, A.585
- Salamon, L. M.626
- Salheiser, A.459
- Samuels, D.210, 211, 216, 218, 227, 236, 249, 295, 300, 302, 309, 312, 343, 354, 360, 361, 363, 364, 370–2, 374–6, 378, 381, 402–4, 412, 419, 427, 437, 439, 458, 637, 644
- Sapin, B.85
- Sarmiento-Mirwaldt, K.662
- Scammell, M.602
- Schafer, M.10, 12, 21, 71, 74, 75, 79, 84, 86, 89, 90, 273, 274, 276–80, 282–6, 288, 290, 292, 293, 500
- Schaffer, B.533
- Schleiter, P.191, 294–6, 298, 300, 302–6, 308–12, 396, 397, 400, 403, 404, 407, 410, 411, 419, 558, 627, 644, 654, 668
- Schmidt, H.27
- Schmidt, N.21
- Schneider, B. R.354
- Schneider, V.663
- Seabrooke, L.166
- Seddone, A.227
- Seim, D.751
- Semetko, H.602
- Settembri, P. P.689
- Sharif, N.763
- Sheingate, A.62
- Shen, Y.626
- Shenhav, S.602
- Shepsle, K. A.94, 97, 105, 108, 109, 153, 166, 295, 298, 311, 318, 322, 330, 334, 385, 395, 400, 443, 444, 447, 450, 456, 457, 465, 478, 627, 638, 642
- Shoji, K.228
- Shorrocks, R.773
- Shugart, M. S.98–100, 104, 107–9, 210, 211, 216, 218, 226, 227, 236, 249, 254, 269, 295, 299–301, 304, 312, 343, 354, 360, 361, 363, 364, 370, 371, 372, 374–6, 378, 381–4, 386–94, 400, 401, 403–6, 412, 419, 426, 427, 436, 437, 439, 458, 548, 562, 565, 697, 708, 713, 753
- Shvestova, O.584
- Sirleaf, E. J.268
- Skaaning, S.-E.227
- Smith, A.107
- Smith, I.578
- Smith, M. J.458
- Smith, W. C.225
- Snyder, J. L.773
- Snyder, J. M.332
- Socrates174
- Solberg, E.131
- Speirs, R.185
- Spengler, O.33
- Squintani, F.455
- Standring, A.620
- Starr, H.293
- Stavrakakis, Y.165
- Stein, J.86
- Stoltz, H.345
- Straßheim, H.62
- Strauss, A. B.332
- Strøm, K.12, 13, 22, 96, 97, 109, 235, 236, 245, 248, 250, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 302–5, 307–12, 316, 323, 324, 332, 335, 396, 399, 403, 407, 410, 417, 419, 443, 445, 453, 455, 457, 458, 460, 465, 466, 469, 476, 479, 480, 627, 642, 645, 650, 667, 669
- Suetonius27
- Svensson, T.623
- Svolik, M. W.92, 109, 696, 698, 700, 704–8, 710, 711, 713, 733, 734, 739–42, 749, 753, 757, 768, 769, 774
- Tanács-Mandák, F.354
- Tanenbaum, E.333
- Taras, R.751
- Tavits, M.199–201, 204, 206, 298, 303, 304, 307, 312, 313, 384, 390, 394, 401, 405, 419, 627, 634, 644, 645, 654, 668
- Taylor-Robinson132, 133, 134, 139, 146, 231, 233, 237, 245, 255, 257–60, 263, 264, 269, 270, 323, 326, 334, 420, 433, 547, 548, 550, 552, 554–6, 558, 560, 562–5
- Terbovic, N.500
- Teruel, R.246
- Teune, H.458
- Thaksin Shinawatra767
- Theakston, K.41, 231, 239, 241, 246, 250, 339, 340, 342, 344, 352, 355, 446, 458, 485, 487, 500, 650, 656, 657, 663, 669
- Thierry, A.33
- Thomson, A.691
- Ticchi, D.771
- Ting, M. M.332
- Tinkler, J.61
- Torgerson, D.164
- Toynbee, A.33
- Treib, O.690
- Tronconi, F.354
- Tsebelis, G.104, 106, 254, 268, 295, 301, 304, 309, 313, 389, 401, 426, 430, 434, 435, 437, 448, 458, 548, 549, 552, 553, 555, 558, 561, 562, 565, 572, 586, 612, 625
- Tsipras, A.693
- Turgeon, M.643
- Turnbull, N.163
- Ugyel, L.724
- Ulrich, T.62
- Urgell, Bishop of716
- Vairo, D.21
- Valelly, R.20
- Valent, L. O.89
- Valenty, L.90
- Van Biezen, I.478
- Van der Eijk, C.645
- Van Dijk, E.313
- Van Doorn, J.774
- Van Ham, J.642
- Van Kleef, G. A.313
- Van Ree, E.752
- Van Rompuy, H.690
- Van Thiel, S.546
- Vanberg, G.97, 108, 299, 311, 439, 457, 467, 477, 479, 548, 551, 552, 559, 563, 564, 567, 568, 570, 572–6, 578–87, 651, 667
- Vandenberg, A.289
- Vasilatos, N.641
- Vatter, A.668
- Venturino, F.227
- Verba, S.624
- Vercesi, M.51, 64, 229–34, 236–8, 240, 242, 244, 246–50, 258, 267, 271, 346, 353, 405, 438, 440, 442, 444–54, 456–9, 466, 480
- Vergne, C.645
- Vestlund, N. M.690
- Videla, J.765
- Vieira, M.417
- Vigorito, A.643
- Volkens, A.333
- Von Ranke, L.35
- Wahman, M.227
- Wallenstein, I.33
- Walsh, P.543
- Wang, S.774
- Washington, G.43
- Wayland, C. B.126
- Webb, P.8, 12, 21, 56, 64, 323, 335, 337, 348, 354, 359–63, 365–78, 380, 381, 395, 401, 441, 458, 474, 479, 509, 520, 681, 692
- Weller, P.4, 22, 117, 118, 127, 128, 381, 439–41, 443, 452, 453, 458, 459, 468, 470, 476, 480, 502, 521, 662
- Welna, C.108
- Westerland, C.584
- Westin, L.379
- Weymouth, S.712
- Wilke, L.753
- Wilson, A.355
- Wilson, H.492
- Wilson, J. Q.546
- Wittkopf, E. R.89
- Wittman, D. A.544
- Wolbrecht, C.584
- Wright, B. E.499
- Wright, J. G.666, 696, 699, 701, 705, 707, 711, 714, 734, 737, 745, 748, 749, 751, 753, 757, 764, 765, 770, 772, 774
- Wu, A.498
- Wu, X.621
- Wyszomirski, M. J.380
- Yashima, K.626
- Yasseri, T.63
- Yongnian, Z.751
- Yoshinaka, A.643
- Zald, M. N.710
- Zelikov, P.605
- Zheng, Y.754
- Zhongjing, L.33
- Zohlnhöfer, R.380
- Zovatto, D. G.401
- Zvezda, K.747
Subject Index
Note: Tables and figures, are indicated by an italic “t” and “f” respectively, following the page number.
- abduction, logic of112
- abortion616
- absolute monarchy717
- access-to-power701
- activenegatives/positives487
- adherents217–19 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- administration of core executives, concept of49
- administrative checks and balances, theory of512
- administrative sciences678
- advisers501–21
- accountability of511–13
- contemporary research perspectives505–13
- control of511–13
- empirical factors505–9
- future research agenda513–15
- influence of505–9
- issues and research questions502–5
- legal factors511–13
- ministerial536–7
- politics/administration interface509–11
- power of505–9
- regulation of511–13
- relational aspects509–11
- roles of505–9
- advisory structures80
- affectbased needs of society489
- affectoriented leaders489
- Afghan conflict74
- Africa31, 41, 82, 90, 110, 145, 148, 219, 227, 238, 239, 245, 255, 269, 401, 423, 425, 427, 428, 435, 436, 550, 709, 712, 715, 718, 730, 735, 744, 750, 759, 762, 771, 772, 774
- Agence France-Presse194
- agencies, regulatory537–9
- agency-based explanations of regime stability702–4
- agenda-setting18, 99, 104, 106, 241, 423, 424, 426, 428, 430, 455, 553, 554, 557, 563, 564, 612, 680, 691
- Al Qaeda287
- Al Saud719
- Al Shaikh719
- allegiance528
- allocation of portfolios See portfolio allocation
- ally principle103
- aloofness496
- altruistic voters635
- amateurs235
- ambassadors132
- American Political Development (APD)30
- anacyclosis theory28
- ancientness724
- answerability512
- anti-corruption266
- anti-democracy5
- anti-elite sentiment40
- anti-establishment212
- anti-federalism27
- anti-naturalism112
- anti-pacts298
- antiquity721
- antiregime173
- apparatchiks706
- Arab principles of shura and ijma717
- Arabocentricism718
- arbitrators449
- archaeology110
- armed-scapegoating285
- Armenia414
- artefacts151
- ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)715
- Athenian politics179
- Atlas.ti71
- audience effects research266–8
- Australia27, 38, 124, 166, 198, 247, 271, 342, 344, 355, 374, 377, 387, 454, 459, 503, 509, 519–21, 632, 643, 656, 664
- authoritarian, definition of715
- authoritarian active monarchies717–18
- authoritarian cohabitation742–3 See also party-based dictatorship
- authoritarian monarchies715–32
- challenges to research718–20
- context715–18
- future research agenda727–8
- main research questions720–7
- subtypes716–18
- authoritarian politics745–6 See also party-based dictatorship
- authoritarian regimes695–702
- autocracies453, 646, 694–714, 716, 725, 729, 732, 752, 774
- agency-based explanations of regime stability702–4
- authoritarian executives and policy decisions706–7
- context694–5
- definition of695
- executives in authoritarian regimes695–702
- institutionalist explanations of regime stability705–6
- key findings702–7
- research avenues707–9
- background factors78
- balkanization496
- banking349
- Barbados131
- bargaining-theoretic approach303
- beliefs74–5, 273–93
- context273
- existing research, review of278–86
- future prospects286–9
- research questions273–8
- Berufspolitiker234
- Biafran War (1966–70)757
- bi-directionality346
- Binnenlandse Veiligheidstdienst (Dutch Intelligence Service)114
- binomial model200
- biographic method339
- bivariate correlation199
- boardrooms347
- Bolshevism292
- Botswana747
- boycotts610
- Brazil5, 138, 142, 212, 251, 267, 354, 367, 406, 425, 427, 432, 434, 436, 437, 550, 553–5, 558, 562, 564, 768, 769, 771, 773
- Brexit See United Kingdom (UK)
- bribes341
- bricolage121–4
- elite focus groups122
- ethnographic interviewing122
- hit-and-run fieldwork122
- memoirs122
- para-ethnography122
- visual ethnography122 See also ethnography
- budgeting116
- bureaucratic autonomy, principle of542
- bureaucrats525–46
- bureaucratic power534–6
- executive and regulatory agencies537–9
- ministerial advisers536–7
- policy bureaucracies, organization and power of528–30
- policy-making, interaction with executives530–2
- politicization540–1
- research agenda539–41
- research perspectives534–9
- research topics526–34
- stress factors539–40
- theoretical perspectives532–4
- top officials, recruitment and replacement of526–8
- bureaux chiefs116
- cabinet confidentiality, principle of190
- cabinet decision-making438–59
- concepts and debates439–43
- context452–3
- definitions of cabinet government439–41
- Prime Ministerial Government and core executive441–3
- research field438–9
- research questions439–41
- responses and explanations443–9
- conflict management443–9 See also president/cabinet relations
- cabinet reshuffles See ministerial posts
- Canada38, 124, 128, 129, 136, 140, 141, 198, 259, 349, 359, 372–4, 377, 381, 440, 453, 454, 479, 502, 503, 509, 517, 562, 632, 656, 662
- capacity of leadership536–7
- capricious power, principle of719
- careers229–50
- developments pre- and post- executive office238–40
- duration in office238–9
- post-executive careers239–40
- career patterns, definition of338
- careerists510
- concept of229
- future research, prospects for242–4
- key research questions231
- linear vs bell-shaped342
- Caribbean513
- cartels562
- catch-all parties238
- Central-Eastern European democracy452
- change, concept of152
- charity181
- cheating534
- checkpoints757
- Chile138, 147, 212, 215, 251, 259, 270, 272, 374, 390, 406, 408, 425, 432, 437, 551, 553–7, 559, 561, 565, 759, 765, 766–7
- China20, 66, 178, 278, 617, 623, 624, 626, 670, 733–6, 738, 739, 741, 743, 745, 747, 748, 751–4, 774
- choreography199
- Christian Social Union (CSU)655
- citizen constructions of interests and identities162–3 See also constructivism
- citizenship773
- Civil Society Organisations (CSOs)615
- clarity of responsibility633–4
- class-based analysis154
- classical perspectives on ethics See ethics
- closed-rule554
- coalition government97–8
- coalition management420–37
- context420–1
- coordination paradigm as ‘grand unification’433–4
- Linz and the Early Third Wave421–2
- major research debates421–5
- minority presidents422–3
- presidential toolbox, state of the literature425–9 See also coalitional presidentialism
- coalition negotiation, process of297
- coalitional politics, concept of425
- coalition-building417
- co-decision-making614
- cognitive mapping theory75
- cognitive theory276
- collective actors650–3
- collective decision-making, principles of748
- collective government, principle of441
- collective leadership737–8
- concept of748–9
- stability and breakdown740–2 See also party-based dictatorship
- collective ministerial responsibility, principle of447
- colonization596
- comedy589
- Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)678
- communication strategies598
- Comoros341
- competitiveness574
- complex specificness120
- compliancebased management style490
- compound executive order, concept of678
- compulsive personality70
- computer-assisted content analysis71
- confessional talks195
- conflict of interest principle348
- Congo763
- Congress556–8
- conscientiousness275
- conservatism639
- Conservatives669
- constituents, effects of82
- constitutional conventions96
- constitutional executives, definition of14
- constitutional theory721
- constructivism150–66
- citizen constructions of interests and identities162–3
- construction of truth161
- context163
- elites, self-awareness of161–2
- future prospects159–63
- political executives154–9
- story of151–4
- consultants350
- contextualism508
- contingency theory of leadership69
- contrasting executives178–9
- coordination paradigm433–4 See also coalition management
- co-partisans423
- co-princes716
- corruption51, 61, 63, 64, 117, 169, 260, 266–8, 341, 424, 431, 541, 622, 626, 630, 634, 640, 642, 643, 645, 654, 660, 664, 761, 762, 769
- cost of ruling630–1
- court-curbing571
- credible commitment problem95–100
- Croatia414
- C-SPAN122
- curfews757
- cycles concept28
- Cyprus623
- decisiveness252
- deduction112
- democracy
- autocracy721
- definition of695
- executives695–8
- legitimacy685–7
- peace theory484
- regimes, rational choice perspective95–104
- theory438
- women, importance of253–4
- departmentalism409
- departmentalization447
- deselection of ministers See ministerial posts
- development-oriented organizations83
- Dhufar722
- dictatorship225, 245, 454, 694, 696, 701, 709–11, 734–40, 743, 744, 750–2, 771, 772
- party-based See party-based dictatorship
- dictatorships2, 17, 28, 95, 504, 646, 699, 701, 710, 711, 713, 733–51, 753, 758, 761, 763, 769, 771, 774
- dilettantes529
- discourse theory154 See also post-structuralist discourse theory (PSDT)
- disenchantment224
- disengagement496
- disproportionality431
- distributivist approach427
- divide-et-impera policies726
- divine right, Medieval principle of rule by719–20
- diwaniyyat723
- doomsday scenarios722
- doppelganger effect77
- draconian instruments430
- dramatization592
- dual-principal situations104
- dynasticism723
- ecclesiastic powers3
- ECOFIN-Council680
- econometric solutions309
- economic and monetary union (EMU)678
- economic hardship285
- economics40, 42, 106, 108, 153, 248, 249, 275, 353, 434, 479, 515, 534, 545, 569, 584, 586, 620, 621, 639, 640, 642–4, 664, 709, 711, 751, 752
- election pledges650–3
- elite-endorsed candidates214
- elite-led reform committees723
- elite-oriented political sociology188
- elites, self-acknowledgement by161–2
- Emirate monarchs718
- English-language scholarship187
- entrepreneurialism679
- essays, terminology182
- estrangement531
- ethics167–85, 269
- ethnography110–29, 139, 157, 201, 470
- bricolage121–3
- importance of114–15
- network analysis of court politics123–4
- practitioners115–17
- quantitative and qualitative121
- EUPOL (European Union Policy-Making)451
- Euro-group680
- European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)11, 61, 145, 226, 352, 355, 359, 380, 400, 418, 478, 773
- European Union (EU)5, 6, 17, 49, 51, 63–5, 76, 117, 165, 247, 324, 352, 396, 471, 472, 494, 551, 579, 597, 615, 617, 620, 625, 673–93
- EU-Commissioners625
- EU scepticism472
- institutional structure and powers676–9
- multi-level system673–93
- performance and interactions679–83
- evaluation of political executives646–70
- agenda for future research658–61
- context646–7
- election pledges650–3
- individual and collective actors648–50
- key questions and findings648–58
- performance-focused strategies650–3
- performance-voting653–5
- ratings and rankings655–8
- evangelistic leadership style494
- event-history-analysis527
- eventmaking leaders483
- evidence-based conceptions of public policy158
- ‘executive, the’, definition of91–2
- executive bills552–6
- executive privilege, principle of190–1
- executive strength, concept of387
- executive-legislative relations17, 547–65
- coalition management549–52
- context547–8
- executive bills552–6
- future prospects558–61
- legislative control549–58
- legislative tools552–6
- policy negotiation549–58
- political variables556–8
- executive-sponsored bills424
- ex-military professionals611
- ex-office holders339
- exogenous forces35, 46, 57, 91, 161, 166, 297, 303, 330, 399, 434, 462, 570, 572, 573, 575, 615, 638
- expansionary fiscal policy627
- experience, previous political81, 219–21 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- extended-beta binomial model200
- externalization of decision-making448
- extroverts276
- faithful performance of tasks, principle of351
- faithfulness211
- Falkland Islands637
- fascism504
- fast-track provisions426
- federalization470
- fellowship175
- female-led states/parties262
- femicide144
- feminism130–49, 261
- context143–4
- methodology and approach138–40
- pro-feminist policy261
- research agenda and gender politics140–3
- feminization254
- fieldbook notebook, definition of113
- followers, definition of183
- formation of government See government formation and termination
- France3, 13, 15, 19, 28, 42, 66, 99, 108, 136, 155, 164, 172, 184, 187, 188, 202, 206, 227, 233, 239, 246, 259, 319, 342, 345, 353, 368, 373, 406, 408, 412, 413, 418, 432, 456, 472, 504, 508, 517, 529, 535, 553, 555, 564, 578, 581, 584, 586, 597, 603, 604, 623, 716, 773
- freedoms, fundamental608
- freewheeling independents217
- front-runners213–15
- frontrunners4
- fundraisers212
- fusion-of-powers648
- gaming of target regimes533
- gender17, 51, 64, 130–6, 138–48, 165, 167, 183, 221, 231, 233, 237, 238, 243, 245, 247–9, 251–4, 256–62, 264–72, 286, 287, 289, 317, 323, 326, 327, 334, 446, 457, 564, 565, 657, 662
- balanced259
- concept of131
- equality261
- executive branch as a gendered institution252–4
- feminism and140–3
- norms135
- positivity138
- roles265
- segregation258, See also feminismwomen, males, masculinity
- generational effect287
- Georgia709
- Germany3, 4, 62, 131, 138, 152, 162, 233, 237–9, 247, 250, 268, 274, 324, 325, 345, 355, 369, 373, 374, 377, 457, 466, 468, 471, 477, 480, 504, 508, 518, 531, 533, 535, 541, 542, 544, 546, 551, 552, 555, 563, 564, 578, 581, 584, 587, 595–7, 603, 604, 611, 632, 641, 643, 655, 665, 684, 689, 773
- gerrymandering566
- gestures199
- goal-oriented behaviour424
- good government, definition of403
- goodwill630
- governability425
- governance, definition of12
- government formation and termination294–313
- context294–5
- future research agenda306–9
- literature on296–302
- presidential democracies301–2
- semi-presidential regimes299–301
- governorships222
- grant-making612
- group behaviour78–80
- decision-making79–80
- influence79
- structure286 See also psychology
- Gulf monarchies723
- Gurkha719
- gynocentric policy261
- harassment703
- hearings560
- heavy-handed tactics280
- heirs apparent657
- heritage475
- heroism155
- Hero-Worship497
- historical approaches25–44
- evolution of political executives2–8
- future research agenda38–40
- idiosyncrasy39
- internationalization39–40
- reconciling with political history38–9
- historical patterns36–7
- hobby politicians234
- homicide769
- Honduras212
- household income162
- humanity171
- humour111
- hybrid media system, concept of600
- hybrid regimes694–714 See also autocracies
- hyper-accountability644
- hyper-masculinity149
- hyper-politicization534
- hyper-politics352
- hyper-presidency5
- ideal-typical presidential system362
- ideational-discursive NI46
- identities, citizen constructions of162–3
- ideology82, 135, 148, 258, 272, 295, 297, 301, 310, 322, 465, 467, 475, 478, 479, 491, 492, 494, 618, 712, 726, 773
- illegitimacy758
- illness of prime ministers302
- immorality170–2
- immunity from prosecution768
- impartiality536
- impoverished management488
- impressionism125
- improvization429
- inauguration630
- inclusiveness221
- incumbents219–21 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- independent agencies, performance of681
- individual actors650–3
- indoctrination762
- infanticide144
- influence, direction of472–3
- infotainment594
- insider-outsiders218
- insiders217–19 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- institutional analysis343–5
- institutionalism26, 29–31, 33, 35, 38, 41, 42, 45, 46, 52, 59, 61–5, 134, 136, 138, 139, 147, 148, 152–4, 157, 160, 163, 165, 166, 187–9, 192, 206, 337, 353, 383, 442
- rational choice677
- regime stability705–6
- institutionalization56, 58, 217, 429, 433, 617, 619, 622, 638, 710, 711, 718, 738, 747–9, 754, 760, 766
- concept of748
- definition of748
- as collective leadership748
- institutions48–50
- definitions of46 See also new institutional (NI) approach
- insurance theory573–4
- interactions681–2
- inter-agency groups79
- inter-coder reliability score417
- interconnectedness54
- interdisciplinary perspective569
- interest groups608–26
- existing knowledge610–16
- objectives for learning608–10
- research agenda for616–19
- theory616
- interest-centred perspectives54
- interests, citizen constructions of162–3
- inter-executive relationships50
- International Political Science Association (IPSA)11
- international relations (IR) theory151–2
- internationalization39–40
- interregional comparative studies727
- interviewing113–14 See also ethnography
- intra-cabinet principal-agent relationships453
- intra-organizational perspective47
- introversion275–6
- intuitiveness273
- investors323
- Iranian hostage crisis77
- Islamic Revolutionary Guards770
- Islamic-Arabic culture719
- Italy3, 14, 44, 141, 152, 173, 187, 233, 239, 246, 247, 259, 293, 342, 345, 346, 353–5, 373, 374, 380, 467, 468, 472, 504, 517, 655, 667
- item response theory398
- item-veto99
- Izvestiya747
- Janus-like institutions676
- Japan8, 31, 35, 42, 44, 63, 77, 82, 131, 228, 335, 374, 377, 452, 456, 458, 459, 638, 639, 640, 715, 718, 724, 731
- shogun-era718
- judicature175
- judicial activism576–80
- judicial discretion interval, illustration of571f
- judicial independence569–76
- concept of569
- definition of570 See also judicialization
- judicial influence569–76
- definition of570 See also judicialization
- judicial role-orientations569
- judicial-executive relations567
- judicialization17, 48, 566–87
- context566–8
- future prospects582–3
- judicial appointments580–2
- judicial independence and influence569–76
- endogenous explanations573–6
- exogenous explanations570–3
- judicial discretion interval, illustration of571f
- office vs office holders573–4
- questions and approaches568–9
- state of the literature569–82
- jurors656
- justice and home affairs (JHA)678
- Kantianism170
- Keynesian economics40
- khadim al-haramain719
- killings341
- Kommunist747
- Kremlinologists750
- labour48, 67, 127, 139, 163, 164, 255, 318, 322, 325, 330, 443, 464, 530, 603, 614, 616, 618, 663, 762
- last-born children487
- Latin-American style cabinets648
- lawsuits515
- laziness488
- leader-member relations490
- ‘leaders’, definition of183
- leadership styles76–7, 481–500
- agency vs structure483–4
- future research agenda495–7
- integrating insights on494
- key questions482–3
- lessons learned483–94
- leaks79, 745 See also confidential information
- Least Preferred CoWorker (LPC)489
- legislative and non-legislative power, concept of394
- legislative process See executive-legislative relations
- liabilities of politics597
- liberal intergovernmentalism676–7
- liberation722
- Liberia341
- lobbying346, 351, 352, 608–26
- concept of609
- existing knowledge610–16
- objectives for learning608–10
- research agenda for616–19
- local-level officials263
- lossaverse voters632
- lowest common denominator solutions494
- Luxemburg718
- luxury agendas635
- Macedonia411
- Madisonian checks and balances3
- magistracy28
- Magna Carta3
- Malawi432
- Malay720
- malnourishment144
- Marshall Islands131
- material self-interest, concept of153
- materialism152
- measurement of executive power382–401
- context382–3
- executive power, definition of383–8
- future prospects for executive power397–8
- media logic589–90, 596–7 See also mediatization of politics
- mediatization of politics17, 243, 246, 441, 532, 588–607
- concept of589
- definitions of589
- future research directions600–2
- media portrayal of political executives592–5
- research questions591–9
- medicine, science of176
- medieval principle of ‘rule by divine right’719
- Melayu Islam Beraja (Malay Islamic Monarchy)720
- merit-based criteria527
- meso-government346
- metacommunication598
- metacoverage598
- methodology186–206
- future study of the political executive201–5
- methodologies186–93
- political executive studies193–201
- primary and secondary material194–6
- qualitative methods196–9
- quantitative methods199–201
- research design201–5
- research methods201–5
- micromanagement512
- micro-monarchies723
- micro-perceptions639
- ‘middle-of-the-road’ managers489
- military regimes755–74
- civil-military relations760–1
- contemporary research759–68
- definition of a military regime756–7
- disintegration of764
- duration of military rule763–4
- future research agenda768–70
- how military executives make decisions764–5
- key research questions756–9
- law-making766–7
- legacies of military rule768–9
- methodological innovation769–70
- methodology758–9
- military-based dictatorships733
- military-industrial complex theory611
- military professionalism761
- military takeovers759
- policy choices767–8
- power sharing and consensus766
- rationale for military executives to seize power762–3
- rationale for studying757–8
- succession765–6
- ministerial careers See careers
- ministerial posts314–35
- parties’ seat contributions and portfolio shares319f
- portfolio allocation:
- between parties in coalitions315–16
- ministerial selection and330–1
- qualitative research321–2
- quantitative research317–21
- quantity and quality327–8
- research agenda327–31
- research questions315–17
- minority presidents422–3 See also coalition management
- misbehaviour516
- mixed-member proportional voting system507
- mixed-method research (MMR)205
- mixed-motives101
- moderate-opportunity presidents487
- monarchy2, 3, 14, 17, 19, 130, 131, 513, 699, 700, 707, 712, 715–33
- absolute717
- aristocracy-republic721
- challenges to research718–20
- definition of715–16
- theory721 See also authoritarian monarchies
- monetarist turn (1980s)40
- moral theory171
- motherhood261
- motivations of actors46, 51, 54, 55, 74–6, 81, 84, 107, 243, 261, 265, 289, 296, 298, 301, 303, 307, 326, 541, 755, 773
- multi-directional pressure501
- multi-disciplinary research647
- multi-level systems17, 47, 50, 51, 53, 54, 60–2, 237, 246–9, 345, 347, 350, 352, 353, 355, 470, 508, 621, 659, 673–93
- context673–4
- EU executives676–87
- democratic legitimacy and accountability685–7
- institutional structure and powers676–9
- performance and interactions679–83
- political leadership683–5
- future research agenda687–9
- research questions674–5
- multi-member proportional representation system140
- multi-state primaries214
- mutatis mutandis447
- narcissism282
- national executives, performance of681
- nationality51
- Ndlovukati716
- negative resource, concept of442
- neighbourhood crime652
- neo-patrimonialism423
- Neolithic revolution720
- nepotism726
- network analysis of court politics123–4
- networking505
- neuroticism275
- new institutional (NI) approach45–65
- actors in political executives50–1
- agenda and insights48–50
- institutional-organizational effects52–5
- political executives as institutions and organizations48–50
- news management597
- news-media content592
- Nicaragua212
- ‘night-watchman’ state5
- no-confidence vote308
- non-democratic regimes2, 14, 17, 178, 341, 353, 493, 567, 646, 649, 653, 661, 663, 694–9, 701, 703, 705–9, 734, 737, 741, 745, 748–50, 771
- definitions of748
- executives695–8
- non-majoritarian institutions473
- non-partisanship103, 199–201, 212, 215, 216, 218, 224, 236, 245, 247, 309, 323, 324, 332, 407, 410, 411, 416, 417, 572, 584, 654, 667
- non-politicization535
- non-profit organizations338
- normative theory475
- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)6
- NVivo203
- observation footage122
- occupational background232–3
- OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)248, 324, 396, 479, 511, 520, 521, 533, 622, 631, 639
- office holders573–4 See also judicialization
- ombudsmen512
- open-democracy668
- open-party primaries212
- open-seat elections219
- Operation Rolling Thunder279
- operational code276
- opportunity structures237–8
- organizations48–50
- definitions of46 See also new institutional (NI) approach
- oriental despotism719
- outsiders217–19
- concept of217
- ‘outsiderness’210, 217, 218, 223 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- outsourcing531
- para-constitutional practices427
- parity/near-parity cabinets251
- parliament
- parliamentarism52, 61, 65, 211, 224, 226, 310, 371, 400, 403, 406, 412, 417, 420, 421, 422, 424, 434, 435, 437, 448, 452, 460, 543, 550, 562, 565, 609, 625, 723, 771
- parliamentary executives95–104
- parliamentary questions (PQs)555
- parliamentary-based autocracy708 See also United Kingdom (UK)
- participant observation112–13 See also ethnography
- partisan background217–19 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- party-based dictatorships733–54
- authoritarian cohabitation742–3
- bargaining forum, political executive as a744
- conflict737
- cooperation737
- definition of740
- methods for studying744–5
- nature of734–5
- open issues and research agenda745–9
- political executive in735–6
- rivalry742–3
- selection and deselection736–40
- study of politics within746–7
- third-generation approach745–6
- party governance/government460–80
- direction of influence, reversal of472–3
- doctrine of473–6
- empirical study461–73
- legitimacy460–1
- multi-level governance470–2
- political parties460–1
- towards party governance468–73
- unitary actors468–70
- party-machine system724
- ‘partyness’ of government463
- party-system fractionalization423
- paternalism180
- pathways to the presidency See presidential pathways and profiles
- patrimonial politics344
- patronage7, 20, 63, 238, 385, 395, 424, 435, 469, 472, 475, 477–9, 502–4, 510, 518, 521, 527, 528, 535, 538, 544, 698, 703, 704, 708, 709, 719, 724, 736, 739, 743, 744, 750–2
- PDD Party215
- peace72, 76, 87, 88, 90, 262, 282, 284, 290–2, 455, 482, 484, 496, 498, 500, 621, 628, 629, 631, 640, 641, 645, 711, 714, 727, 732, 751, 772
- peerage340
- pensions339
- permanent campaign, concept of599
- personability94
- personal characteristics74–8, 221–2 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- personal economic conditions633
- personal responsibility177
- personality theory70, 273–93
- context273
- existing research, review of278–86
- future prospects286–9
- research questions273–8
- personalization56, 59, 61, 64, 224, 243, 246, 247, 264, 360, 362–7, 370, 376, 378, 379, 441, 474, 475, 591, 593–5, 599, 601–4, 606, 649, 655, 664, 724
- of politics364
- presidentialization versus363–7
- visibility595
- philanthropy181
- Philippines406
- photographs199
- photonews601
- phrasing199
- pillarization597
- plenums747
- pluralization379
- policy
- bureaucracies, terminology525
- ‘czars’529
- impact research264–6
- networks theory618
- output548
- processes619
- public636
- saliency theory322
- seeking242
- specificity637
- poliheuristic theory of decision-making284
- political advisers in the executive branch See advisers
- political history See historical approaches
- politicization7, 21, 506, 509, 510, 513, 516–18, 520, 526–8, 531, 535–46, 601, 603–4, 620, 666, 680, 688, 760
- definition of formal527
- politics-business nexus347
- politics-market linkages337
- pollution5
- popularity653–5
- populism5, 21, 40, 58, 119, 155, 159–62, 165, 171, 217–18, 223, 227, 460, 473–6, 540, 559
- populist leaders, concept of218
- portfolio allocation theory465
- coalitions315–16
- ministerial selection330–1
- policy saliency theory322
- qualitative321–2
- quantitative317–21
- quantity and quality327–8
- post-classic study of politics8
- post-communism52, 55, 60, 245, 247, 269, 312, 389–91, 393, 399–401, 426, 435, 454, 457, 508, 520, 536, 545, 585, 644, 664, 713, 731
- post-consociationalism656
- post-executive activities336–55
- future research agenda349–50
- rationale for study337–8
- research approaches343–9
- empiricist-individualistic analysis343–5
- faster passage from the executive to the market348–9
- institutional analysis343–5
- political layers, relationship between345–6
- presidents and ministers ‘in business’347–8
- research findings339–43
- post-Linzian revolution433
- post-partycratic regime337
- post-prime ministerial career344
- post-structuralist discourse theory (PSDT)154
- post-tenure344
- Pravda747
- pre-nomination season214
- presentism656
- president/cabinet relations402–19
- conflict411–15
- context402
- future study of415–17
- president/cabinet relations403–5
- studying405–15
- presidential democracies301–2
- presidential executives95–104
- presidential mandate347
- presidential pathways and profiles209–28
- presidential power, concept of394
- presidential regimes305–6
- presidentialization12, 17, 21, 64, 211, 224, 227, 323, 332, 335, 348, 353–4, 359–81, 395, 401, 417, 441–2, 456, 458, 474, 475, 479, 509, 520, 649, 665, 681, 692, 728, 732
- consequences of374–5
- of contemporary polities372–4
- definition361–6
- general questions360–1
- knowledge about375–9
- personalization versus363–7
- in presidential/semi-presidential countries367–8
- prime ministerial government and369–70
- prime ministerialization versus363–7
- rating and ranking of presidents655–8
- sources of370–2
- study in context378–9
- pressure77–8
- primary material194–6
- prime ministerships130, 133–4, 136, 137, 139, 141–3, 188, 191, 248, 353, 359, 365, 372
- careers See careers
- principum specula721
- Prisoner’s Dilemma574 See also game theory
- process-managing policy508
- professionalisation605
- profiles, presidential See presidential pathways and profiles
- property343
- prospect theory73
- protection racket system724
- protocols117
- prudence182
- Prussia33
- psychology10, 37, 66–90, 94, 168, 181, 188, 193, 201, 204, 275, 276, 278–80, 287–93, 298, 313, 482, 483, 490, 495–500, 645, 650
- approach to political leadership68–9
- context85
- current research areas73–82
- future research, potential for82–4
- broad focus83
- new unit of analysis84
- social media, effect of83
- strategic interaction, mapping of84
- group behaviour, factors affecting78–80
- advisory structures80
- group decision-making79–80
- influence in groups79
- methods69–73
- assessment-at-a-distance70–1
- comparative case studies72
- experiments72–3
- psychobiography69–70
- personal characteristics74–8
- background factors78
- beliefs74–5
- leadership style76–7
- motives75–6
- stress and pressure77–8
- theory69
- public administration, concept of647
- public opinion627–45
- caveats and complications631–6
- asymmetry631–2
- heterogenous contexts633–4
- heterogenous publics634–6
- myopia632–3
- contributions for a research agenda637–9
- drivers for executive approval628–31
- cost of ruling630–1
- outcomes628–9
- processes629–30
- rally events630
- use of force630
- significance of627–8
- putsch695
- qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)203
- qualitative methods196–9
- quasi-experts747
- quasi-incumbency advantage653
- Quebec651
- racism118
- rally events630
- randomization255–6
- rankings655–8
- ratings655–8
- rational choice institutionalism677
- rational choice theory59, 91–109, 152–3, 163, 316, 331, 439, 532
- context91–2
- credible commitment problem95–100
- coalition government97–8
- constitutional conventions96
- parliamentary responses to95–8
- political parties96
- presidential responses to98–100
- fundamental assumptions93–5
- future developments105–6
- historical origins92–3
- importance of93–5
- main questions93–5
- methods91–5
- parliamentary and presidential executives95–104
- Realpolitik111
- re-empowerment and rediscovery of political executives1–18
- regime cycles708
- regime institutionalization, definition of748
- regime type (forma regiminis)716
- regulators538
- regulatory agencies537–9
- relativism163
- Renaissance era721
- reportage, journalistic123
- representative democracy, principles of351
- republicanization728
- research methodology See methodology
- research-based knowledge658
- reshuffles See ministerial posts
- resolutions, congressional469
- Revolutionaries753
- revolving-door activities609
- rhetorical presidency, concept of33
- rights108, 144, 146, 178, 287, 350, 386, 426, 577, 578, 580, 582, 584, 616, 679, 701, 731, 747, 751, 757
- risks38, 63, 75, 167, 213, 214, 220, 222, 236, 280, 292, 303, 311, 312, 493, 532, 533, 541, 639
- acceptance of280–1
- proneness to73
- seeking73
- Rwanda173
- sabermetric analysis559
- ‘sacking’ a minister102
- sarcasm288
- satire175
- scrutineers512
- secondary material194–3
- secularism763
- securitization6
- security4, 6, 7, 20, 28, 86, 88, 90, 171, 174, 191, 256, 271, 290, 293, 409, 517, 533, 640, 641, 678, 699, 717, 723, 730, 731, 757, 758, 762–4, 767, 771, 772
- selection of ministers See ministerial posts
- selection of presidential candidates See presidential pathways and profiles
- self-awareness119
- self-censorship79
- self-presentation599
- self-recruitment215–16 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- self-worth280
- semi-presidential regimes300, 384, 392–4, 399, 401, 418, 565
- government formation299–301
- government survival and termination in304–5
- presidentialization in367–8
- semi-presidentialism15, 52, 62, 65, 211, 222, 223, 225–7, 299, 310, 312, 371, 375, 392, 399, 403, 406, 411, 416–19, 550, 561, 563, 564, 609, 664, 743, 751
- semi-rentiers723
- semi-traditional authority722
- Serbia131
- Sharifian descent719
- Slovakia408
- small-stateness724
- social background221–2 See also presidential pathways and profiles
- social background232–3
- Social Democratic Party (SDP)655
- social democracy232
- social scientific methods628
- social theory151
- sociocultural ministerial positions323
- sociopsychology629
- sociology26, 32–3, 41–2, 50, 51, 66, 110–11, 125, 145, 147, 151, 152, 164, 165, 188, 203, 265, 310, 334, 355, 360, 477, 495, 500, 569, 710, 773
- specialization342
- speechmaking332
- stagflation620
- stagnation251
- Stalinism751
- state form (forma imperii)716
- state-of-the-union format747
- state-society138
- stochastic process302
- strategic interaction, mapping of84
- strategyoriented approach598
- structurally induced equilibrium, concept of the298
- stubbornness70
- styles of leadership See leadership styles
- subcoalitions741
- subjectivity66
- subversive bureaucratic agents102
- Super Tuesday214
- supermajority298
- surrogate measure of leadership style76
- surveillance103
- survival of government See government formation and termination
- Sweden130, 141, 145, 233, 234, 239, 245, 259, 269, 324, 373, 377, 504, 507, 517, 535, 537, 543, 544, 606, 613
- symbolism114
- system-level factors428
- Tajikistan709
- targetization strategies602
- technocratization658
- termination of government See government formation and termination
- term-limit rule219–20
- text analytics746–7
- time-related aspects657
- Titanic Tuesday214
- toughness252
- transportation287
- treachery123
- treason142
- Treaty of Versailles280
- tribunals578
- truth, construction of161
- tyranny721
- United Kingdom (UK)
- agencies, executive532
- ‘agency’ type bargains533
- British Empire40
- ‘British guillotine’553
- bureaucratic politicization535
- bureaucratic support157
- business and politics348
- civil service531
- conflict behaviour277
- 9/11 terrorist attacks67
- Falklands War637
- Iraq War (2003)492
- military support722
- post-war ministerial tenure324t
- Vietnam War492
- court politics124
- electoral prediction655
- Foreign Secretary113
- ‘global Britain’162
- government central departments117
- history and politics33
- House of Lords114
- interest groups614
- investment management style651
- Labour Party464
- legislative power555
- manifesto and spending priorities464
- Minister of Labour255
- ministerial appointment process325
- dismissals324t
- resignation, calls for326
- selection and de-selection324t
- tenure649
- ministerial type239
- non-politicization535
- opposition leadership241
- parliamentary system385
- party leadership, ‘standing down’ of340
- performative framework155
- personalization-visibility595
- policy advisers503
- policy bureaucracy49
- Political Studies Association11
- post-ministerial careers345
- prime ministers of27, 131, 143, 170, 197, 238, 265, 359, 361, 395, 396t, 464, 495, 598
- intelligence services and54
- ‘linear’ career model344
- private lives594
- ratings241
- regionalization345
- single-party government468
- Statutory Instruments (SIs)7
- universities111
- women and political power138
- Thatcherism156, 265, 359, 361, 372, See also cabinet decision-makingcabinet government, parliament, prime ministerships, Westminster model
- United States (US)
- advisory system503–5
- ‘capture, conquest and comity’ models509–10
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)451
- conflict behaviour277
- Gulf War (1991)724
- Iranian hostage crisis77
- Iraq, post-war reconstruction in513
- Iraqi invasion of Kuwait82
- ‘unpopular’ wars492
- constitutional history38, 172, 209, 513
- Constitutional Convention (1787)27
- Defence of the Constitutions of the United States (1787)29
- Democracy in America (1835–40)28
- constitutional governance172
- Democrats635
- Federalist Papers172
- gender parity136
- Gulf monarchies, relations with722
- historical institutionalism33
- House of Representatives553
- inflation629
- influence of political leadership495
- Jepson School of Leadership Studies171
- League of Nations70
- manifesto pledges464
- mayors68–9
- open politicization535
- parties in government, study of461
- performance-focused strategies652
- police performance652
- policy influence609
- political psychology279
- political rhetoric and campaigning33
- presidency/presidential system10, 66, 94, 191, 210, 347, 431–2, 503–5, 515, 648–50, 661
- ‘Big Five’ traits275
- communication, importance of598
- delegation, focus on104
- discriminatory treatment221–4
- ex-presidents, studies of339
- financial crisis (2008)77
- loyalty/competence nexus510
- media relations76
- mixed nomination system213
- motive profiles486
- origins209
- permanent campaign599
- power ‘to persuade’432
- president/cabinet relations409
- rhetoric158
- social media campaigning600
- spatial leadership361
- term limit clause220
- unilateral action, freedom of158
- private corporations349
- public administration theory172
- Rwanda, relations with173
- Senior Executive Corps83
- Senior Executive Service officials76
- unemployment635
- United States v. Nixon (1974)191
- venue-shopping strategies615
- Watergate crisis7, 21, 487, See also presidential pathways and profilespresidentialization
- use of force630
- USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)151, 281, 341, 423, 426, 428, 696, 701, 733–6, 739, 740, 742–5
- value-neutrality181
- verbal-based content analysis288
- Verbs in Context System (VICS)282
- video recordings122
- Wahhabism720
- websites204
- Westminster model13, 15, 16, 21, 38, 41, 43, 108, 117, 243, 248, 343, 377, 381, 447, 452, 456, 458, 459, 478, 502–7, 509–17, 520, 542, 543, 641, 656, 658, 665, 666 See also United Kingdom (UK)
- whips503
- witnesses554
- women86, 109, 130–9, 141–9, 203, 221, 233, 237, 238, 245, 247–9, 251–72, 317, 323, 324, 327, 334, 335, 350, 353, 354, 381, 446, 449, 560, 563, 659, 664, 666
- accessing executive power257–60
- culture and development257–8
- political opportunities260
- selection rules and norms258–60
- audience effects research266–8
- challenges to study of255–6
- context268
- data acquisition, difficulty in256
- democratic need for253–4
- existing scholarship257–63
- female-friendly policies261
- future research, directions for263–8
- gendered institution, executive branch as a252–4
- limited observation255–6
- masculine policies261–2
- policy impact research264–6
- power research, pathways to264
- randomization255–6
- yang di-pertuan agong716
- zeitgeist82
- Zimbabwe755
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