
Contents
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21 Language Transfer and Cross Linguistic Studies: Relativism, Universalism, and the Native Language
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Models Of The Bilingual Lexicon Models Of The Bilingual Lexicon
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The Revised Hierarchical Model The Revised Hierarchical Model
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The Bilingual Interactive Activation Model (BIA) The Bilingual Interactive Activation Model (BIA)
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Comprehension Comprehension
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What Codes Are Activated? What Codes Are Activated?
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When Are These Codes Activated? When Are These Codes Activated?
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Critical Factors That Affect Lexical Selection Critical Factors That Affect Lexical Selection
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Language Intermixing and Task Demands Language Intermixing and Task Demands
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Effect of Instruction Effect of Instruction
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Production Production
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What Codes Are Activated? What Codes Are Activated?
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When Are These Codes Activated? When Are These Codes Activated?
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Critical Factors That Affect Lexical Selection Critical Factors That Affect Lexical Selection
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Inhibitory Control Inhibitory Control
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Cues to Language Selection Cues to Language Selection
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Discussion: Similarities and Differences Between Comprehension and Production Discussion: Similarities and Differences Between Comprehension and Production
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Conclusion Conclusion
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The Bilingual Lexicon: An Update The Bilingual Lexicon: An Update
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The Scope of Nonselectivity The Scope of Nonselectivity
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Constraining the Parallel Activity of the Two Languages Constraining the Parallel Activity of the Two Languages
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The Effects of L2 Proficiency The Effects of L2 Proficiency
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Cross-Language Activation and Selection in Spoken Production Cross-Language Activation and Selection in Spoken Production
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The Cognitive Consequences of Cross-Language Competition The Cognitive Consequences of Cross-Language Competition
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Note Note
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24 The Bilingual Lexicon
Get accessJudith F. Kroll is Distinguished Professor at the University of California, Riverside and the former director of the Center for Language Science at Pennsylvania State University. Her research uses the tools of cognitive neuroscience to understand how bilinguals juggle the presence of two languages in one mind and brain. Her work, supported by NSF and NIH, shows that bilingualism provides a lens for revealing the interplay between language and cognition that is otherwise obscure in speakers of one language alone.
Ton Dijkstra is a senior staff member at the Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information (The Netherlands). His principal research interests are monolingual and bilingual visual and auditory word recognition, but he makes occasional side trips to other domains, such as language production and morphological processing. As a strong believer in the heuristic value of modeling, he has been engaged in the development of a computer model for bilingual word recognition and has edited a book on computational psycholinguistics (with K. de Smedt). He wrote two books in Dutch on psycholinguistics (with G. Kempen as a co-author), one of which was translated into German. He can be reached at [email protected].
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Published:18 September 2012
Cite
Abstract
How do bilinguals recognize and speak words in each of their two languages? Past research on the bilingual lexicon focused on the questions of whether bilinguals represent words in each language in a single lexicon or in separate lexicons and whether access to the lexicon is selective or not. Bilingual lexicon is the focus of this article. These questions endured because they constitute a set of correlated assumptions that have only recently been teased apart. One concerns the relation between representation and process. Another issue concerns the way in which the lexicon itself has been operationalized. Different assumptions about the information required to recognize and speak a word in the first or second language have led to models of the bilingual lexicon that differ in the types and levels of codes. This article reviews the way in which models of the bilingual lexicon reflect different assumptions about the architecture and processing of words in two languages.
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