
Contents
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Definitions of Alcohol-related Concepts Definitions of Alcohol-related Concepts
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Alcohol Use Disorder Alcohol Use Disorder
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Alcohol Consumption Alcohol Consumption
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Alcohol Use Disorders over the Life Course Alcohol Use Disorders over the Life Course
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Alcohol as a Drug Alcohol as a Drug
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Acute Effects Acute Effects
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Are Reinforcing and Punishing Effects of Alcohol Direct or Mediated via Cognitive Processes? Are Reinforcing and Punishing Effects of Alcohol Direct or Mediated via Cognitive Processes?
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Biphasic Effects of Alcohol Biphasic Effects of Alcohol
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Chronic Adaptation to Alcohol Chronic Adaptation to Alcohol
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Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated with Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated with Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders
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Genetic Vulnerability Genetic Vulnerability
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Environmental Factors Associated with Alcohol Use Disorders and Related Constructs Environmental Factors Associated with Alcohol Use Disorders and Related Constructs
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Prenatal alcohol exposure Prenatal alcohol exposure
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Adolescent alcohol exposure Adolescent alcohol exposure
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Parental influence Parental influence
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Peer influence Peer influence
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Intimate partner influence Intimate partner influence
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Advertising and media Advertising and media
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Culture Culture
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Psychological Individual Differences in Risk for Alcohol Use Disorders Psychological Individual Differences in Risk for Alcohol Use Disorders
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Neurocognitive Deficits Neurocognitive Deficits
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Personality Personality
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Alcohol Outcome Expectancies Alcohol Outcome Expectancies
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Motivations for Use Motivations for Use
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Multiple Etiological Pathways Multiple Etiological Pathways
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Pharmacological Vulnerability Pharmacological Vulnerability
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Generalized Externalizing Behavior Generalized Externalizing Behavior
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Affect Regulation Affect Regulation
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Psychiatric and Medical Comorbidity Psychiatric and Medical Comorbidity
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Psychiatric Comorbidity Psychiatric Comorbidity
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Drug use disorders Drug use disorders
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Mood and anxiety disorders Mood and anxiety disorders
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Personality disorders Personality disorders
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Medical Consequences Medical Consequences
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Neurological disease Neurological disease
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Injury Injury
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Assessment Assessment
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Diagnostic Interviews Diagnostic Interviews
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Assessment of Consumption Assessment of Consumption
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Daily Diary and Ecological Momentary Assessment Approaches Daily Diary and Ecological Momentary Assessment Approaches
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Biomarkers Biomarkers
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Prevention Prevention
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Universal Prevention Approaches Universal Prevention Approaches
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Policy interventions Policy interventions
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Selective Approaches Selective Approaches
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Treatment Approaches Treatment Approaches
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Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal
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Brief Interventions Brief Interventions
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Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Generalized Self-regulation Training Generalized Self-regulation Training
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The Question of Patient–Treatment Matching The Question of Patient–Treatment Matching
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Marital and Family Approaches Marital and Family Approaches
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Self-help Groups Self-help Groups
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Pharmacotherapy Pharmacotherapy
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Future Directions Future Directions
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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20 Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders
Get accessKenneth J. Sher, Curators' Professor of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
Andrew K. Littlefield, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Psychology, Texas Tech University.
Julia A. Martinez is a professor in the Department of Psychology at Colgate University in Hamilton, NY.
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Published:18 September 2012
Cite
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs), alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence, are among the most prevalent mental disorders in the United States and elsewhere. Considerable controversy exists concerning the optimal way of classifying these disorders and the boundaries between normal and abnormal drinking. Although AUDs can occur over much of the life span, from an epidemiological perspective, it is largely a disorder of adolescence and young adulthood. Many who experience AUDs are “mature out” of them as they age and acquire adult roles and, perhaps, as a function of normal personality. However, a significant minority of individuals fail to mature out, and some individuals develop AUDs later in adulthood. A number of etiological pathways are associated with developing an AUD; foremost among them, a pathway shared with other externalizing disorders such as conduct disorder, adult antisociality, and other substance dependence. However, pathways associated with internalizing disorders and with individual differences in alcohol effects also exist. All of these pathways likely involve major genetic and environmental determinants. Given the etiological pathways that have been documented, it is not surprising that AUDs are often comorbid with other mental disorders. A number of effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of AUDs have been developed. Additionally, basic research is setting the stage for further advances in both behavior and drug treatments of AUDs.
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